Durasi Gejala dalam Bahasa Inggris: Kapan Mulai, Sudah Berapa Lama, Apakah Berulang

Ekspresi waktu dalam bahasa Inggris sangat mudah membingungkan untuk penutur bahasa Indonesia: "mulai dua hari yang lalu" pakai ago, "sudah berlangsung dua hari" pakai for, "sejak Senin" pakai since. Artikel ini merapikan garis waktu gejala dalam bahasa Inggris, supaya kamu bisa menjawab pertanyaan dokter "When did it start?" dan "How long has it been going on?" dengan tepat.

Artikel ini hanya mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris, bukan diagnosis atau saran pengobatan; jika kamu mengalami gejala darurat atau mendadak, segera hubungi layanan darurat atau fasilitas medis terdekat.

Kosakata inti

English term	Arti	Contoh kalimat
onset	mulai, serangan awal	The onset was very sudden.
sudden	mendadak	It came on suddenly.
gradual	bertahap, pelan-pelan	The pain was gradual at first.
since	sejak	I've had it since Monday.
for	selama	I've had it for two days.
ago	yang lalu	It started three hours ago.
recurring	berulang	It's a recurring pain.
on and off	hilang-timbul	It's been on and off for a week.
first time	pertama kali	This is the first time it happened.

Kalimat kunci yang harus dihafal

It started [TIME] ago. (Mulai ___ yang lalu.)
I've had it since [TIME / DAY]. (Aku mengalaminya sejak ___.)
I've had it for [DURATION]. (Sudah ___ lamanya.)
It came on suddenly. (Datang mendadak.)
It started gradually and got worse. (Mulainya bertahap, lalu memburuk.)
It's been on and off for [DURATION]. (Hilang-timbul sekitar ___.)
This is the first time this has happened. (Ini pertama kalinya terjadi.)
It's happened before, about [TIME] ago. (Pernah terjadi sebelumnya, sekitar ___ yang lalu.)
It usually lasts about [DURATION]. (Biasanya berlangsung sekitar ___.)
It hasn't gone away. (Belum hilang sama sekali.)
It comes back every [INTERVAL]. (Kambuh setiap ___.)
I woke up with it this morning. (Aku bangun pagi ini sudah dengan gejala ini.)

since, for, dan ago — tiga kata yang sering tertukar

since + titik waktu: since Monday, since 7 a.m., since last week
for + lama waktu: for two days, for an hour, for a week
ago + lama waktu (dipasangkan dengan past tense): two days ago, an hour ago, a week ago
Contoh: The pain started two days ago. = I've had the pain for two days. = I've had the pain since Monday (kalau hari ini Rabu).

Cara bicara yang tidak alami vs cara bicara yang alami

Tidak alami	Alami
I have pain from Monday.	I've had pain since Monday.
It happens before two days.	It started two days ago.
Long time pain, three weeks.	I've had this pain for three weeks.
Sometimes have, sometimes no.	It's on and off. / It comes and goes.
First time never happen.	This is the first time it's happened.

Dialog situasi

Doctor: When did the symptoms start? (Kapan gejalanya mulai?) Patient: They started about three days ago, on Tuesday morning. (Sekitar tiga hari yang lalu, Selasa pagi.) Doctor: Have you had this before? (Pernah mengalami ini sebelumnya?) Patient: Yes, something similar happened about six months ago, but it went away after a week. (Ya, ada yang mirip sekitar enam bulan lalu, tapi hilang setelah seminggu.) Doctor: Is it constant or does it come and go? (Apakah terus-menerus atau hilang-timbul?) Patient: It comes and goes. It's worse in the morning and better at night. (Hilang-timbul. Lebih parah di pagi hari, lebih baik di malam hari.)

Template kalimat yang bisa diubah

I've had [SYMPTOM] for [DURATION].
- I've had a sore throat for four days.
It started [TIME] ago, [SUDDENLY / GRADUALLY].
- It started two hours ago, suddenly.
It [LASTS / COMES BACK] every [INTERVAL].
- It comes back every few weeks.
The last time this happened was [TIME] ago.
- The last time this happened was about a year ago.

Latihan singkat

Terjemahkan: "Aku sakit kepala terus sejak kemarin malam." Jawab: I've had a headache since last night.
Terjemahkan: "Sakit perut sekitar seminggu, hilang-timbul." Jawab: I've had stomach pain for about a week, on and off.
Terjemahkan: "Ini pertama kalinya kondisi seperti ini terjadi." Jawab: This is the first time this has happened.

Daftar kalimat Inggris yang bisa kamu salin sebelum berobat

Symptom timeline

Started: ___ (date / time)

Onset: sudden / gradual

Duration so far: ___

Constant / on and off: ___

Has happened before: yes / no

If yes, last time: ___ ago

Has it changed since it started: better / worse / same