الحديث عن مدة الأعراض بالإنجليزية: متى بدأت، كم استمرت، وهل تتكرر
تعابير الوقت في الإنجليزية يسهل الخلط بينها: "two days ago" تستخدم ago، و"for two days" تستخدم for، و"since Monday" تستخدم since. يجعل هذا الدليل الجدول الزمني للأعراض واضحاً حتى تستطيع الإجابة على أسئلة مثل "When did it start?" و"How long has it been going on?" دون أن تتجمد.
تعلّم هذه المقالة التواصل بالإنجليزية في المواقف الطبية. وهي ليست تشخيصاً طبياً ولا نصيحة علاجية. إذا كانت لديك أعراض مفاجئة أو متفاقمة، فاتصل بخدمات الطوارئ المحلية أو اطلب المساعدة الطبية فوراً.
المفردات الأساسية
| المصطلح | المعنى | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| onset | لحظة بداية العرض | The onset was very sudden. |
| sudden | يحدث بسرعة دون إنذار | It came on suddenly. |
| gradual | يتراكم ببطء مع الوقت | The pain was gradual at first. |
| since | من نقطة محددة في الزمن حتى الآن | I've had it since Monday. |
| for | على مدى فترة زمنية | I've had it for two days. |
| ago | فترة زمنية قبل الآن (بزمن الماضي) | It started three hours ago. |
| recurring | يحدث مراراً وتكراراً | It's a recurring pain. |
| on and off | يأتي ويذهب، متقطع | It's been on and off for a week. |
| first time | المرة الأولى للحدوث | This is the first time it happened. |
عبارات لا غنى عنها
- It started [TIME] ago.
- I've had it since [TIME / DAY].
- I've had it for [DURATION].
- It came on suddenly.
- It started gradually and got worse.
- It's been on and off for [DURATION].
- This is the first time this has happened.
- It's happened before, about [TIME] ago.
- It usually lasts about [DURATION].
- It hasn't gone away.
- It comes back every [INTERVAL].
- I woke up with it this morning.
Since و For و Ago — الكلمات الثلاث التي يخلط الناس بينها
- since + نقطة زمنية: since Monday, since 7 a.m., since last week
- for + فترة زمنية: for two days, for an hour, for a week
- ago + فترة زمنية (مع زمن الماضي): two days ago, an hour ago, a week ago
- مثال: The pain started two days ago. = I've had the pain for two days. = I've had the pain since Monday (إذا كان اليوم هو الأربعاء).
صياغة غير دقيقة مقابل صياغة طبيعية
| غير دقيقة | طبيعية |
|---|---|
| I have pain from Monday. | I've had pain since Monday. |
| It happens before two days. | It started two days ago. |
| Long time pain, three weeks. | I've had this pain for three weeks. |
| Sometimes have, sometimes no. | It's on and off. / It comes and goes. |
| First time never happen. | This is the first time it's happened. |
حوار موقفي
Doctor: When did the symptoms start?
Patient: They started about three days ago, on Tuesday morning.
Doctor: Have you had this before?
Patient: Yes, something similar happened about six months ago, but it went away after a week.
Doctor: Is it constant or does it come and go?
Patient: It comes and goes. It's worse in the morning and better at night.
قوالب جمل قابلة للاستبدال
- I've had [SYMPTOM] for [DURATION].
- I've had a sore throat for four days.
- It started [TIME] ago, [SUDDENLY / GRADUALLY].
- It started two hours ago, suddenly.
- It [LASTS / COMES BACK] every [INTERVAL].
- It comes back every few weeks.
- The last time this happened was [TIME] ago.
- The last time this happened was about a year ago.
تمرين
- قل هذا بإنجليزية طبيعية: صداع بدأ ليلة أمس ولم يتوقف.
- أعد الصياغة لتبدو طبيعية في عيادة: ألم في المعدة منذ نحو أسبوع، متقطع.
- قل هذا بإنجليزية طبيعية: هذه أول مرة يحدث فيها هذا.
الإجابات المرجعية
- I've had a headache since last night.
- I've had stomach pain for about a week, on and off.
- This is the first time this has happened.
قائمة قابلة للنسخ قبل الموعد
- Symptom timeline
- Started: ___ (date / time)
- Onset: sudden / gradual
- Duration so far: ___
- Constant / on and off: ___
- Has happened before: yes / no
- If yes, last time: ___ ago
- Has it changed since it started: better / worse / same
قراءات ذات صلة
- How to Describe Symptoms in English: 7 Things Doctors Really Want to Hear
- Describing Symptom Changes in English: Worse, Better, Recurring, No Relief
- Relieving and Aggravating Factors in English: What Makes Symptoms Better or Worse
تذكير أخير: تركّز هذه المقالة على التواصل بالإنجليزية، لا على الحكم الطبي. إذا كانت الأعراض مفاجئة أو شديدة أو تتفاقم بسرعة، اطلب المساعدة الطبية فوراً.