More、Less、Fewer、Most:TOEIC 商用英文裡的比較級陷阱
你正在 Part 5 一路順順地寫。一題接一題,節奏剛剛好。然後這題出現了:
"This quarter, our customer service team handled _______ complaints than last quarter."
A) less B) fewer C) few D) lesser
你瞇起眼睛。"Less complaints" 聽起來很正常 —— 你在真實對話裡聽過上百次。"Fewer complaints" 聽起來有點老派。時鐘滴答滴答。你選了 "less",聳聳肩,繼續往下。
TOEIC 剛剛從你的成績單上扣了一分。
比較級用法在 TOEIC 商用情境裡無所不在 —— 銷售數字、客戶數量、生產力、回應時間、滿意度分數 —— 而命題者最愛那些把日常口語跟教科書式商用英文分隔開來的細小斷層。陷阱不在於文法很難,而在於好幾個錯誤選項聽起來都夠自然,在時間壓力下就這樣矇混過關。
我們來逐一看穿決定這類題目勝負的四個陷阱。
這在 TOEIC 聽力與閱讀的哪裡出現
比較級陷阱主要落在 Part 5:Incomplete Sentences —— 這個部分要你在一個獨立的商用句子裡填上單一空格。它們也會出現在 Part 6:Text Completion,當某個比較級形式必須契合周圍的商用敘述時;偶爾你也會在 Part 7:Reading Comprehension 看到它被當作意義來考 —— 例如問哪個產品擁有「最多」的某樣東西。
在聽力部分,比較級用法傾向以細節線索而非直接問題的形式出現,但在 Part 3:Conversations 漏聽一個 "fewer",仍可能讓你在後續題目上失分。
陷阱 1:Fewer vs Less 與可數名詞
訣竅在這裡。Fewer 搭配可數名詞 —— 那些你能一個一個數的東西。Less 搭配不可數名詞 —— 那些你以整體來衡量的東西。
| 可數 → fewer | 不可數 → less |
|---|---|
| fewer customers | less time |
| fewer employees | less revenue |
| fewer complaints | less paperwork |
| fewer orders | less inventory |
所以上面那個測驗句子要的是 "fewer complaints",因為 complaints 可以被數(one complaint、two complaints、three complaints)。
但這裡有個眉角。在日常口語裡,"less customers" 和 "less complaints" 很常見。許多考生已經吸收了那個模式,想都不想就選下去。TOEIC 維持嚴格。在考試裡,可數名詞每一次都用 fewer。
一份值得背起來的小清單,因為它們很常出現:fewer complaints、fewer customers、fewer employees、fewer orders、fewer shipments、fewer errors、fewer applications、fewer delays、fewer meetings。Less time、less money、less traffic、less paperwork、less inventory、less work。
要知道的特例:碰到有度量單位的數量 —— "less than five years"、"less than 50 dollars" —— less 才正確,因為這個度量被當成單一的「量」來看,而不是一個一個數的「數」。
陷阱 2:More / Most / The Most —— 比較級 vs 最高級
第二個陷阱是 比較級 vs 最高級 的抉擇,而線索幾乎永遠藏在句子裡。
比較級 —— 比較兩件事 —— 用 "more" 或 "-er" 搭配 than:
The new model is more efficient than the previous version. Customer satisfaction is higher than last year's score.
最高級 —— 從三個或以上之中挑出一個 —— 用 "the most" 或 "the -est" 搭配 of / in / among:
The Tokyo branch is the most profitable of our five regional offices. This is the largest order we have received this quarter.
陷阱干擾項把這兩者混在一起。一個常見的題幹長這樣:
"Of all the products launched this year, the X400 is _______."
A) more popular B) the most popular C) more popular than D) most popularly
"Of all the products" 這個線索暗示最高級,所以答案是 B。趕時間的考生有時會選 A,因為 "more popular" 聽起來很有把握,但少了 "than" 片語,在這類題幹裡 "more popular" 是不完整的。
反向線索:當你在句子裡看到 "than",答案就是比較級形式。當你看到 "of all"、"in the company"、"among our clients",或任何其他界定群體的片語,答案就是最高級。
陷阱 3:As ... As 的對稱
這個陷阱小但很可靠。as ... as 這個結構用於對等比較:
The project was completed as quickly as anticipated. Our second-quarter sales were as strong as last year's.
人們常寫的 —— 也是 TOEIC 埋下當作干擾項的 —— 是 "as ... than":
❌ The project was completed as quickly than anticipated.
那是錯的。"As" 只能跟 "as" 配對。如果你想用 "than",你需要一個比較級形式("more quickly than"、"faster than")。如果你想用 "as",你需要 "as ... as"。
也要留意否定版本。"Not as ... as" 意思是少於,而 "not so ... as" 是 TOEIC 偶爾會用的較舊變體:
Customer demand was not as high as projected.
如果題幹給你 "not as X _______ projected",那個空格就是 "as"。很好拿的分數,但前提是你放慢到足以看清楚它。
陷阱 4:雙重比較級
最後一個陷阱是 雙重比較級。TOEIC 通常不會把雙重比較級埋在題幹裡 —— 那太明顯了。但它們出現在干擾項裡,疲憊的考生就可能上鉤。
錯誤形式的範例:
❌ This process is more easier than the old one. ❌ The new branch is more bigger than the original. ❌ Our turnaround time is more faster now.
規則:碰到單音節形容詞(以及字尾為 -y 的雙音節形容詞),只用 -er 形式。碰到較長的形容詞,只用 "more"。絕不能兩個都用。
| 單音節 / -y → -er | 較長 → more |
|---|---|
| easier | more convenient |
| bigger | more efficient |
| faster | more reliable |
| busier | more profitable |
這個陷阱在 Part 6 最危險,那裡一個句意流暢題可能在緊湊的段落裡並排提供 "more efficient" 和 "more efficienter"。永遠確認形式是 either "-er" or "more X" —— 絕不會兩個疊在一起。
Wrong / Better / Why
| Wrong | Better | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| Our team handled less complaints than last quarter. | Our team handled fewer complaints than last quarter. | Complaints 是可數名詞;可數名詞用 fewer。 |
| Of all the products launched this year, the X400 is more popular. | Of all the products launched this year, the X400 is the most popular. | "Of all" 暗示最高級;少了 than 片語,more 是不完整的。 |
| The project was completed as quickly than anticipated. | The project was completed as quickly as anticipated. | As 跟 as 配對;than 跟比較級形式配對。 |
| Our turnaround time is more faster now. | Our turnaround time is faster now. | 單音節形容詞只用 -er;絕不疊加 more + -er。 |
| Customer satisfaction this quarter is higher of last quarter. | Customer satisfaction this quarter is higher than last quarter. | 比較級 higher 搭配 than,不是 of。 |
| This is the most largest order we have received. | This is the largest order we have received. | 最高級只用 -est;絕不疊加 most + -est。 |
考試當天策略
Part 5 的節奏大約是 每題 25 秒。比較級題目通常更快 —— 15 到 20 秒 —— 只要你認出了線索字。那份速度替你在這個部分後段較難的字彙題上買到緩衝。
這是快速檢查的順序。第一,掃過句子找可數或不可數名詞。如果你看到一個可數名詞,而選項裡有 "less" 和 "fewer",立刻刪掉 "less"。第二,掃找 "than"、"as"、"of all" 或 "in the company"。這四個片語精準告訴你該選哪個形式:than → 比較級,as → 對等,of all / in → 最高級。第三,一眼刪掉任何雙重比較級干擾項。
在 Part 6,同樣的規則適用,但你還必須確認這個比較契合周圍的句子。一個沒有清楚「跟什麼比」的比較級形式可能是錯的,即使單看它的文法是對的。
小試身手
1. "Despite the marketing campaign, the store reported _______ visitors this month than expected."
A) less B) fewer C) few D) the fewest
2. "Of all the candidates we interviewed, Ms. Tanaka was _______ qualified for the role."
A) more B) most C) the most D) much more
3. "The renovated lobby is _______ welcoming _______ the original design."
A) as / than B) more / as C) as / as D) as / so
Answer key:
1. B — "visitors" is a count noun; with "than expected," the comparative form "fewer" fits.
2. C — "Of all the candidates" signals superlative; the article "the" must accompany "most" in this stem.
3. C — equality comparison with "as ... as"; "than" and "so" don't pair with the first "as" here.
重點回顧
- 可數名詞用 fewer,不可數名詞用 less。即使口語不照規矩,TOEIC 也維持嚴格。
- Than → 比較級;of all / in / among → 最高級。線索字決定形式。
- As ... as 用於對等。絕不用 as ... than。
- 單音節形容詞只用 -er;較長的形容詞只用 more。絕不疊加。
準備好把比較級用法練到自動反應了嗎?到 ExamRift 試試 TOEIC 聽力與閱讀練習:https://examrift.com —— Part 5 題組能給你這些模式所需要的連續快打式重複。
