Three Times Bigger 是陷阱:會改變意思的倍數說法
某位學習者在考試準備班裡寫了一段圖表描述:「Sales were three times bigger in 2025 than in 2024.」家教停下來問她:「你的意思是 2025 是 2024 的三倍,還是比 2024 多三倍——也就是 2024 的四倍?」學習者眨眨眼:「這兩個不一樣嗎?」很多母語人士也以為一樣。事實上不一樣。Three times bigger 是英文數字用語裡最常被爭論的陷阱之一;寫作測驗時挑對說法,數學才站得住腳。
為什麼這件事重要
倍數說法出現在商業報告、科學論文、新聞標題、課堂簡報、圖表描述。同一句話可以有兩種讀法,端看你的讀者多嚴謹。如果你的對象是數學掛——科學老師、資料分析師、嚴謹的編輯——挑一個更清楚的說法,可以省下一場「你到底是什麼意思」的長篇辯論。若對象是輕鬆對話,安全的說法聽起來一樣自然。修正只要動一兩個字。
用法規則
英文倍數說法分三大家族,每一家念起來都有點不同。
Three times as big as 意思是「等於原本的三倍」。如果 A 是 three times as big as B,B 是 100,那 A 是 300。這是大多數編輯與科學老師認為「沒有爭議」的形式。當你想要零爭論空間時,用這個。
Three times the size of 同一個概念換個包裝。A 是 three times the size of B → A = 3 × B。其他變形:three times the price of、three times the height of、three times the population of。
Three times bigger than 就是有爭議的那一個。嚴格派的讀者會說 bigger than 是在做比較,所以「three times bigger」必須是「原本的 + 三倍」,也就是原本的四倍。很多母語人士則只當成「三倍那麼大」。因為說法分裂,謹慎的寫作者乾脆避開它。如果你想嚴謹,就說 three times as big as。如果你想強調又不想模糊,可以說 three times larger(也仍有人爭議)或直接用具體數字改寫:300 units versus 100 units。
Three times more than 也有一樣的問題。嚴格讀法:原本 + 三倍 × 原本 = 原本的四倍。通用讀法:原本的三倍。一樣,安全做法是 three times as much as 或直接用數字對照。
另外兩個好用的說法:
Double、triple、quadruple 清楚又精簡。「Sales doubled」就是變成兩倍。「Profit tripled」就是三倍。這些動詞沒爭議——沒人會去爭論 doubled 的意思。
Twice as big as、half the size of、a third of the size of 也都沒有爭議,且很自然。從科學文章到閒聊都能用。
錯誤/自然/為什麼
| 錯誤 | 自然 | 為什麼 |
|---|---|---|
| Sales were three times bigger in 2025. | Sales tripled in 2025.(或:Sales in 2025 were three times those of 2024.) | Three times bigger 有歧義——嚴格讀者會解成原本的四倍。用沒爭議的說法。 |
| The new model is three times more powerful. | The new model is three times as powerful. | Three times more 跟 three times bigger 觸發同樣的歧義。 |
| Profits doubled by twice. | Profits doubled. | Doubled 本身就是「變成兩倍」;別再加 twice。 |
| It is two times bigger than the old one. | It is twice as big as the old one. | 英文偏好 twice as big,不是 two times bigger。 |
| The city has triple population than ours. | The city has triple the population of ours.(或:...three times the population of ours.) | Triple 後面接 the,不是 than。 |
| Sales increased 300% so they are 300% as big. | Sales increased by 300%, so they are four times as big. | Increased by 300% 是指新值等於「原本 + 原本的 300%」,也就是原本的四倍。 |
| Profits multiplied three. | Profits tripled.(或:Profits multiplied by three.) | 動詞模式是 multiplied by N,不是 multiplied N。 |
| The country is twice times bigger. | The country is twice as big. | Twice 和 times 不能疊著用。 |
| Sales increased 3x more. | Sales were 3x what they were before.(或:Sales tripled.) | 「3x more」這種寫法在正式文章裡有風險,因為同樣的歧義問題。 |
常見情境
寫作測驗描述長條圖。 安全寫法:「In 2025, the company's revenue was three times that of 2024」或「Revenue in 2025 was three times as high as in 2024」。有風險寫法:「Revenue was three times more than in 2024」——嚴格讀者會算成四倍。
比較兩座城市。 「City A has a population three times the size of City B.」這句話不會引起爭論。比較看看:「City A is three times larger」——大多數讀者會猜你的意思,但謹慎的讀者會停下來。
理科課堂。 「The new prototype is twice as efficient as the old one.」Twice as efficient 大家都同意。避免 twice more efficient;嚴格讀者會解成效率的三倍。
業務會議。 「We tripled our subscribers this quarter.」短、清楚、沒爭議。若老闆問:「Tripled 到底是什麼意思?」你可以說:「It is three times the start of the quarter」,大家都會點頭。
烹飪與食譜。 「Use twice as much flour for the double batch.」注意自然的模式:twice as much、three times as much、half as much。這些片語在任何場合都好用,從食譜到化學都適用。
倍數說法搞定後,下一層是怎麼念符號本身。Plus、Minus、Times、Divided By:英文怎麼念數學符號 把運算符號詞攤開來講,兩個技能合在一起,幾乎任何圖表你都能口頭描述而不出錯。
常見錯誤
- 把 three times bigger 當成自動等於 three times as big。許多讀者——尤其在科學與編輯領域——把 bigger 當成比較,所以解讀成原本的四倍。
- 把 more 堆在 N times 上。Three times more 觸發跟 three times bigger 一樣的歧義。
- 給 double、triple、quadruple 加多餘的強調詞。這些動詞已經含有倍數意義。Doubled by two、tripled by three、quadrupled four times 全都錯。
- 隨意混用「百分比增加」與「倍數」。Increased by 100% 是 doubled。Increased by 200% 是 tripled。Increased by 300% 是原本的 four times。不確定時,直接說「now four times the original」。
- 說 two times 而不是 twice。兩種都存在,但在日常英文裡,twice as big、twice as much、twice as many 比 two times 的版本自然得多。
- 用 triple than 或 double than 來比較。這些字正確的介系詞是 the:triple the speed、double the price。
- 在正式寫作中用 3x 速記。留給聊天和投影片用。論文裡請用 three times as much as 或直接用數字對照。
- 漏掉比較的後半部。The new model is three times as big 是話沒講完。要加 as the old one,或改成 triple the size of the old one。
小練習
請改寫每一句,讓倍數意思清楚而沒有歧義。
- The new lab is three times bigger than the old one.
- Our subscriber count grew two times more in March.
- The flagship store has triple sales than the side branch.
- Profits doubled by twice last year.
- The bag holds 3x more rice than the small one.
總結
談一個東西是另一個東西的倍數時,有兩種安全模式:three times as big as 和 three times the size of。有兩種有風險的模式:three times bigger than 和 three times more than,因為嚴格的讀者會算成原本的四倍。簡短的動詞 double、triple、quadruple 永遠清楚。挑沒有歧義的版本,你的圖表描述、報告、念書會句子,就能經得起檢視。
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