Good At、Interested In、Afraid Of:形容詞都有固定搭檔

Good At、Interested In、Afraid Of:形容詞都有固定搭檔

"I'm interested on photography."

很接近,但不對。正確的是 "interested in photography."。在你問為什麼之前 ── 其實沒什麼「為什麼」可以講。英文裡某個形容詞後面要接哪個介系詞,是這個形容詞本身決定的,就像鑰匙對應鎖一樣,你沒得選。

中文母語者特別容易卡在這裡,因為「我擅長數學」「我害怕蜘蛛」這類句子,中文形容詞後面根本不需要接任何介系詞,腦袋裡沒有「形容詞 + 固定介系詞」這個配對的概念,於是憑感覺亂湊,最常見的結果就是隨手放一個 on 或 about。

好消息是:這類組合並不多,只要把它們當成「一組單字」整組記下來(不要拆成兩個獨立的字),這個問題就永遠不會再來找你。

快速解答

  • 很多英文形容詞「天生」就配一個特定的介系詞。
  • 那個介系詞 不能省略、也 不能換,它就是這個片語的一部分。
  • 最有效的策略:把 "good at"、"afraid of"、"married to" 當成一整個 chunk 記下來,不要記「形容詞 + 隨便一個介系詞」。

核心規則

  • 把「形容詞 + 介系詞」當成一個整體,就像動詞時態一樣不能拆。
  • 當介系詞後面接動詞時,那個動詞要用 -ing 形式:是 "I'm good at cooking",不是 "to cook"。
  • "Used to" 是經典陷阱:是 "I'm used to working late"(習慣晚上工作),還是 "I used to work late"(過去常常晚上工作,沒有介系詞)── 兩個意思完全不同。

真實例句

技能與能力

  • She's really good at chess.
  • I'm bad at remembering names ── 抱歉,你叫什麼來著?
  • He's terrible at keeping secrets.

情緒與興趣

  • My brother is interested in astronomy.
  • I'm afraid of spiders, even tiny ones.
  • We're excited about the trip next week.
  • She's worried about the deadline.
  • He's proud of his daughter's results.

關係與相似度

  • This phone is very similar to the older model.
  • My answer is completely different from yours.
  • She's been married to Daniel for ten years.
  • He's not very familiar with the new software.

狀態與情況

  • The room was full of people.
  • I'm responsible for the morning report.
  • She's kind to animals.
  • Sugar is bad for your teeth, but cookies are good for the soul.

特殊案例:「used to」

  • I'm used to waking up early.(習慣早起;後接的動詞用 -ing。)
  • I used to wake up early.(過去常早起;沒有介系詞;用原形。)

這兩句長得幾乎一模一樣,意思卻完全不同。簡單判斷:如果 "used to" 前面有 be 動詞,那就是「介系詞版」,後面的動詞必須是 -ing 形式。

常見錯誤

  • ❌ "I'm interested on cooking." → ✅ "I'm interested in cooking." · Interested 永遠只搭配 in,從來不會是 on 或 about。
  • ❌ "She's married with a doctor." → ✅ "She's married to a doctor." · 英文是 married to 某個人;married with 通常的意思是「結了婚而且還有別的東西」,例如 married with two kids。
  • ❌ "He's afraid from dogs." → ✅ "He's afraid of dogs." · Afraid 永遠搭 of,不會搭 from。
  • ❌ "I'm used to wake up early." → ✅ "I'm used to waking up early." · be used to 後面的動詞必須加 -ing,因為這裡的 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞的記號。
  • ❌ "This is similar with that one." → ✅ "This is similar to that one." · Similar 配 to。compared with 確實存在,但 similar to 是固定組合。
  • ❌ "I'm responsible of the project." → ✅ "I'm responsible for the project." · Responsible 永遠搭配 for。

考試陷阱

在 TOEIC Part 5、TOEFL 結構型句子完成題、IELTS 寫作評分標準裡,「形容詞 + 介系詞」是熱門的命題點,因為這類題目幾乎沒有邏輯可以推 ── 你要嘛知道這個搭配,要嘛就不知道。經典陷阱是給你四個聽起來都很合理的介系詞(of / for / in / about),但只有一個是這個形容詞的固定搭檔。另一個陷阱是 used to 跟 be used to 的對比,命題者用它來測試你是否懂得「to 有時候是介系詞(後接 -ing)、有時候是不定詞記號(後接原形)」。猶豫時自問:used to 前面有 be 嗎?如果有,後面的動詞就要加 -ing。

小試身手

  1. She's very good _____ playing the violin.
  2. I'm not familiar _____ this part of town.
  3. He's afraid _____ flying, so he always takes the train.
  4. I'm used _____ (drive) on the left now.
  5. They're very proud _____ their new home.

解答

  1. at ── "Good at" 是描述技能與能力時的固定搭配。
  2. with ── "Familiar with" 是「對某事物熟悉」的標準搭配。
  3. of ── "Afraid of" 是這裡唯一正確的介系詞;from 和 about 都不會跟 afraid 搭配。
  4. to driving ── "Be used to" 後面要用 -ing,因為這裡的 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞的記號。
  5. of ── "Proud of" 是表達為某人或某事感到驕傲時的固定搭配。

一句總結

形容詞 介系詞 例句
good / bad at at good at swimming
interested in in interested in history
afraid / scared of of afraid of heights
responsible for for responsible for sales
familiar with with familiar with the rules
similar to / different from to / from similar to mine
married to to married to Sarah
proud / full of of proud of you
be used to + -ing to used to waking up early

不要試圖推敲「為什麼」這些介系詞會跟這些形容詞搭在一起 ── 就是這樣搭。把它們當成「不可拆」的兩字組合背下來,你的英文會立刻聽起來不像教科書,比較像「一個活生生的人」在講話。