「bring」帶來的麻煩:Up、About、Back、In
「bring」看起來很簡單,直到它開始牽動會議、回憶、金錢、規則和尷尬的對話。你可以 bring a jacket to work,也可以 bring up a problem、bring about change、bring back an old trend,還能 bring in a new policy。這個動詞始終保有它原本的移動本能:某個東西朝著說話者、情境或對話移動。麻煩的是,那個「東西」可能是一個想法、一個結果、一段回憶,或一位帶著專業的人。
快速解答
bring 的核心是「把某物移到這裡」。在 phrasal verbs 裡,「這裡」可以是一個房間、一場討論、一間公司、一段記憶,或一個新局面。Bring up 表示提起話題或養育孩子。Bring about 表示促成某事發生。Bring back 表示歸還某物或勾起回憶。Bring in 表示引進、找人加入、賺進或吸引。順著移動的方向看,這些意思就會開始對齊。
核心概念
單純的 bring 把某物拉向一個定點:"Bring your laptop."、"Bring your friend."、"Bring the receipt." 加上介副詞之後,這個定點就不一定是實體的了。
Up 把話題抬進對話,或把孩子拉拔成大人。About 指向一個成形的結果。Back 讓某物回到較早的地方、時間或記憶。In 把某人或某物帶進一個群體、系統、房間或帳戶。
這個家族之所以實用,是因為它無所不在:會議、新聞、家族故事、客服、辦公室對話和日常閒聊。
Bring Up
bring up:提起一個話題
這是英文對話中最常用的動詞之一。
- "Please don't bring up money at dinner."
- "She brought up a good point during the meeting."
- "I was going to bring it up, but the timing felt wrong."
它是可分的。"Bring up the issue" 和 "bring the issue up" 都可以。遇到代名詞要拆開:"bring it up."
語氣很重要。Bring up 通常暗示這個話題原本不在討論中。如果主題敏感,這個片語會顯得小心翼翼:"I hate to bring this up, but..."
bring up:養育孩子
這個意思是把孩子一路帶到成年。
- "She was brought up by her grandparents."
- "They brought their children up to be independent."
- "He was brought up in a small town."
在這個意思下,被動式非常常見:"I was brought up in..." 或 "She was brought up to believe..." 這個片語可以描述地點、價值觀、教養或家庭環境。
不要和 grow up 搞混。孩子自己 grow up;大人把孩子 bring up。
- "I grew up near the coast."
- "My aunt brought me up after my parents moved overseas."
Bring About
bring about:促成某事發生
這個用法比較不口語,更常出現在寫作、簡報和新聞式英文裡。
- "The new schedule brought about several unexpected problems."
- "Small changes can bring about big improvements."
- "What brought about the sudden drop in sales?"
受詞通常是改變、結果、效應、改善、危機或問題。一般不會用 bring about 表示實際搬動物品。"Bring about the chairs" 並不是把椅子搬過來的意思。
把 bring about 想成「讓這個結果到來」。
Bring Back
bring back:歸還某物
這是字面而實用的意思。
- "Can you bring back my charger tomorrow?"
- "She brought the library books back late."
- "If the shoes don't fit, bring them back with the receipt."
它是可分的:"bring back the books" 或 "bring the books back." 遇到代名詞:"bring them back."
bring back:讓過去的事物重新登場
這個意思常見於文化、商業和日常習慣。
- "The cafe brought back its winter menu."
- "That jacket style is coming back, and stores are bringing it back fast."
- "The company brought back the old logo after customers complained."
那樣東西重新被使用、重新流行、重新販售,或重新獲得關注。
bring back:勾起回憶
這裡的受詞常是記憶或感受。
- "This song brings back memories of college."
- "The smell of fresh paint brought me back to my first apartment."
- "That photo really brings it all back."
這個片語可以很有情緒。它可能帶著懷舊、尷尬、哀傷,或只是一瞬間的記憶閃回。由情境決定。
Bring In
bring in:引進或找人加入
你可以 bring in 一個人、一項工具、一條規則或一個新想法。
- "We should bring in a designer before we choose the layout."
- "The school brought in new safety rules."
- "The lawyer was brought in to review the contract."
這通常表示原本在情境之外的人或事物,成為其中的一部分。
bring in:賺進或吸引
企業和活動很常用這個意思。
- "The new product brought in a lot of revenue."
- "The festival brings in visitors from across the region."
- "Her online classes bring in extra income."
金錢、顧客、觀眾、流量和注意力,都可以被 "brought in"。
bring in:把東西拿進室內
這個字面意思很簡單,但仍然實用。
- "Bring in the laundry before it rains."
- "Can you bring the chairs in from the balcony?"
- "The cat keeps bringing leaves in."
同樣是可分的:"bring them in."
常見錯誤
- "He grew me up." → "He brought me up." · 大人把孩子 bring up;孩子自己 grow up。
- "She brought up a change in policy." → 若是她促成了改變,通常該說 "She brought about a change in policy." · Bring up 是提起話題;bring about 是促成發生。
- "This song brings me old memories." → "This song brings back old memories." · 回憶是回來的,所以用 back。
- "We need to bring about an expert." → "We need to bring in an expert." · 找人加入要用 bring in。
- "Can you bring back it tomorrow?" → "Can you bring it back tomorrow?" · 可分片語遇到代名詞要拆開放中間。
小練習
- I don't want to _____ _____ the budget during lunch.
- The storm _____ _____ major delays at the airport.
- That old photo _____ _____ so many memories.
- The company plans to _____ _____ outside consultants.
- She was _____ _____ by her uncle after age ten.
解答
- bring up — 提起話題用 bring up。
- brought about — 促成結果用 bring about。
- brings back — 勾起回憶用 bring back。
- bring in — 找外部人員加入用 bring in。
- brought up — 養育孩子是 bring up,常用被動式。
小結
| 片語 | 核心意思 |
|---|---|
| bring up | 提起話題/養育孩子 |
| bring about | 促成發生 |
| bring back | 歸還/重新引進/勾起回憶 |
| bring in | 引進/找人加入/賺進/吸引 |
bring 的祕密在於方向。某個東西抵達了:話題抵達對話,結果抵達世界,記憶從過去抵達現在,或者,一位專家走進了房間。
