點樣用英文講解磨損同損壞

點樣用英文講解磨損同損壞

磨損同損壞詞彙幫到你形容一件物品經過使用、年月、壓力、撞擊或者保養不善之後變成點。當你退貨、買二手嘢、形容一件租借物品、要求維修,又或者解釋點解一件嘢唔再好用,你都會用到呢啲詞彙。與其講「it is broken」(佢爛咗),你可以講佢 scratched(刮花咗)、dented(凹咗)、cracked(爆裂咗)、chipped(崩咗)、frayed(鬚邊/散咗)、torn(撕爛咗)、faded(褪色咗)、loose(鬆咗)或者 worn out(用殘咗)。

英文好多時會將正常磨損同實際損壞分開。Worn(磨損)可以指一件物品顯出使用過嘅痕跡,但仍然運作正常。Damaged(損壞)意思係有啲嘢受咗損害、價值降低,又或者可能唔安全。一張用過嘅枱可能有幾條刮痕。一張損壞咗嘅枱可能有一隻爆裂咗嘅腳,或者一個整爛咗嘅角。

重點分別

Worn(磨損)意思係經過長期使用而有所改變。Worn shoes(磨損嘅鞋)、worn handles(磨損嘅手柄)同 worn fabric(磨損嘅布料)睇落可能比之前舊啲、薄啲、滑啲、褪色啲,又或者冇咁鮮明。

Damaged(損壞)意思係受咗損害,或者唔再喺良好狀態。一件損壞嘅物品可能爆裂、凹咗、屈咗、撕爛咗,又或者運作唔正常。

Scratched(刮花)意思係表面有幼細嘅線。電話、枱、眼鏡、地板同車都可以刮花。

Dented(凹咗)意思係因為壓力或者撞擊而向內凹。金屬罐、車門、電器同水樽好多時都會凹。

Cracked(爆裂)意思係有一條線或者裂痕,但未必完全分開。玻璃、塑膠、瓷磚、牆、螢幕同碟都可以爆裂。

Chipped(崩咗)意思係有一細塊崩咗出嚟。杯、碟、油漆、瓷磚同傢俬邊都可以崩。

磨損通常係慢慢形成。損壞可能突然發生,亦可能經過時間發生。有啲損壞只影響外觀,另一啲損壞就影響安全或者功能。

核心詞彙同片語

  • wear:因為使用而逐漸出現嘅改變(磨損)
  • worn:顯出使用過或者陳舊嘅痕跡(磨損)
  • worn out:因為使用而太舊或者損壞(用殘咗)
  • damaged:受咗損害,或者唔喺良好狀態(損壞)
  • scratched:有幼細線嘅痕跡(刮花)
  • scuffed:因為摩擦而有痕跡,好多時喺鞋、地板或者袋上面(擦花)
  • dented:向內凹(凹咗)
  • bent:唔再直(屈咗)
  • cracked:有一條線或者裂痕(爆裂)
  • chipped:崩咗一細塊(崩咗)
  • broken:唔再完整或者唔再運作(爛咗)
  • loose:冇穩固咁固定住(鬆咗)
  • torn:撕爛咗,尤其係布料或者紙
  • frayed:布料或者線喺邊位散開(鬚邊/散邊)
  • faded:顏色變淺咗(褪色)
  • peeling:表層甩緊(甩皮/剝落)
  • rusty:生咗鏽(生鏽)
  • stained:有啲難以清除嘅嘢造成嘅印漬(有污漬)
  • leaking:畀液體走漏出嚟(漏)
  • defective:因為製造而出現問題(有瑕疵)

自然搭配

可以用 scratched screen(刮花嘅螢幕)、scratched table(刮花嘅枱)、dented can(凹咗嘅罐)、dented door(凹咗嘅門)、cracked tile(爆裂嘅瓷磚)、cracked phone screen(爆裂嘅電話螢幕)、chipped mug(崩咗嘅杯)、chipped paint(崩咗嘅油漆)、scuffed shoes(擦花嘅鞋)、worn handle(磨損嘅手柄)、worn-out chair(用殘嘅櫈)、frayed edge(散咗嘅邊)、torn bag(撕爛嘅袋)、faded fabric(褪色嘅布料)、loose screw(鬆咗嘅螺絲)、bent frame(屈咗嘅框)、rusty hinge(生鏽嘅鉸)同 leaking bottle(漏緊嘅樽)。

可以用以下動詞:scratch(刮花)、dent(整凹)、crack(爆裂)、chip(整崩)、break(整爛)、tear(撕爛)、fray(散邊)、fade(褪色)、peel(剝落)、rust(生鏽)、leak(漏)、repair(維修)、replace(更換)同 return(退貨)。

「The screen is scratched but still works.」(個螢幕刮花咗,但仍然運作正常。)

「The can is dented on one side.」(個罐有一邊凹咗。)

「The mug has a chipped rim.」(個杯有崩咗嘅杯口。)

「The paint is peeling near the window.」(窗附近嘅油漆剝落緊。)

「The chair is worn out and needs to be replaced.」(張櫈用殘咗,需要更換。)

呢啲搭配好常見,因為人形容損壞嗰陣,都係講出個痕跡、個物件,同埋係咪影響到使用。

例句

「My phone screen is scratched, but it is not cracked.」(我嘅電話螢幕刮花咗,但冇爆裂。)

「The delivery box arrived with a dented corner.」(個送遞紙箱送到時有一個凹咗嘅角。)

「There is a crack in the bathroom tile.」(浴室嘅瓷磚有一條裂痕。)

「The plate is chipped along the edge.」(個碟沿邊崩咗。)

「The suitcase handle is loose.」(個行李箱手柄鬆咗。)

「The backpack strap is frayed from daily use.」(個背囊孭帶因為日常使用而散咗邊。)

「The wooden floor is scuffed near the entrance.」(入口附近嘅木地板擦花咗。)

「The color on the curtains has faded in the sun.」(窗簾嘅顏色喺陽光下褪咗色。)

「The metal hinge is rusty and hard to move.」(個金屬鉸生咗鏽,好難郁。)

「The bottle is leaking from the cap.」(個樽喺樽蓋位漏。)

形容表面痕跡

有啲損壞只影響表面。

「The table has a few small scratches.」(張枱有幾條細刮痕。)

「The shoes are scuffed at the toes.」(對鞋喺鞋頭位擦花咗。)

「The paint is chipped near the handle.」(手柄附近嘅油漆崩咗。)

「The sticker left a stained mark on the plastic.」(張貼紙喺塑膠上面留低一個污漬印。)

表面痕跡可能唔會阻止個物件運作。要講解呢點,可以用 cosmetic damage(外觀上嘅損壞)、still usable(仍然可以用)、works fine(運作正常)同 only on the surface(只係喺表面)呢啲片語。

「There is some cosmetic damage, but the device works fine.」(有少少外觀上嘅損壞,但部裝置運作正常。)

「The desk has scratches on the top, but it is still sturdy.」(張枱面有刮痕,但佢仍然好穩固。)

「The bag is scuffed on the outside, but the zipper works.」(個袋外面擦花咗,但拉鏈仍然可以用。)

形容結構性損壞

結構性損壞會影響一件物件嘅形狀、強度或者功能。

「The frame is bent.」(個框屈咗。)

「The chair leg is cracked.」(張櫈腳爆裂咗。)

「The handle is loose.」(個手柄鬆咗。)

「The lid is broken.」(個蓋整爛咗。)

「The bottle is leaking.」(個樽漏緊。)

呢種損壞重要啲,因為佢可以令件物件唔安全或者唔可以用。報告嗰陣要講清楚:

「The chair is unsafe because one leg is cracked.」(張櫈唔安全,因為有一隻腳爆裂咗。)

「The handle is loose, so the suitcase is difficult to carry.」(個手柄鬆咗,所以個行李箱好難攞。)

「The container leaks when it is on its side.」(個容器側放嗰陣會漏。)

可以用 minor(輕微)、small(細)、deep(深)、serious(嚴重)、visible(睇得到)同 getting worse(愈嚟愈差)嚟形容嚴重程度。

因為年月同使用而磨損

磨損係慢慢發生。佢好多時影響顏色、布料、邊位、手柄同會郁動嘅部件。

「The fabric is faded.」(布料褪咗色。)

「The edges are frayed.」(啲邊散咗。)

「The handle is worn smooth.」(個手柄磨到滑晒。)

「The cushion is flattened from use.」(個座墊因為使用而扁咗。)

「The shoes are worn out.」(對鞋用殘咗。)

Worn(磨損)唔一定係負面。一個磨損嘅皮袋可能睇落柔軟又舒服。Worn out(用殘咗)語氣強啲,而且通常係負面,因為件物品已經接近佢使用壽命嘅尾聲。

「The jacket looks nicely worn.」(件外套睇落帶有好睇嘅磨損感。)

「The jacket is worn out and has holes in the sleeves.」(件外套用殘咗,袖度有窿。)

學習者常犯嘅錯誤

唔好將 broken(爛咗)用嚟講每一個痕跡。一部刮花咗嘅電話,如果仍然運作正常,就唔係 broken。一隻崩咗嘅杯,除非已經唔可以安全咁用,否則就唔算完全 broken。

唔好混淆 cracked(爆裂)同 scratched(刮花)。Scratch(刮痕)係表面嘅線。Crack(裂痕)係更深嘅斷裂或者裂開。

唔好講「the cup has broken a little piece」。要講「the cup is chipped」(個杯崩咗)或者「a small piece has broken off」(崩咗一細塊出嚟)。

唔好講「the color is fade」。要講「the color has faded」(顏色褪咗)或者「the fabric is faded」(布料褪咗色)。

唔好混淆 worn(磨損)同 wearing(着緊)。要講「the shoes are worn」(對鞋磨損咗)或者「the shoes are worn out」(對鞋用殘咗)。「Wearing shoes」意思係有人着緊鞋。

唔好將「the bottle has leak」用做一句完整句子。要講「the bottle is leaking」(個樽漏緊)或者「there is a leak in the bottle」(個樽有漏)。

實用示範段落

The used coffee table is still sturdy, but it shows clear signs of wear. The top has several small scratches and one deeper scuff near the front edge. The paint is chipped on two corners, and the color has faded slightly where sunlight hits it every afternoon. One drawer handle is loose, but it still opens and closes. There is no crack in the wood, and the legs are not bent, so the damage is mostly cosmetic. With a little repair, the table could still be useful.

(呢張二手咖啡几仍然好穩固,但顯出明顯嘅磨損痕跡。几面有幾條細刮痕,前邊附近有一條深啲嘅擦痕。油漆喺兩個角崩咗,而每日下晝有陽光照到嘅位置,顏色就稍微褪咗色。其中一個抽屜手柄鬆咗,但佢仍然開關得到。塊木冇裂痕,啲腳亦冇屈,所以個損壞大致上只係外觀上嘅。稍為維修一下,呢張几仍然可以用得着。)

有力嘅損壞描述會講出個物件、指出痕跡或者問題嘅類型,再講解佢係咪影響到外觀、安全或者功能。咁樣會比淨係講「it is old」(佢好舊)或者「it is broken」(佢爛咗)清楚好多。