平行結構：令 TOEFL Writing 聽落乾淨嘅文法絕招

你正喺度收尾一個 Academic Discussion 回應。立場清晰、例子具體，而你想強而有力噉結束。你打：「Universities should focus on teaching critical thinking, helping students collaborate, and to prepare them for the workforce.」你撳交。一位評分員讀到嗰句，感覺到嗰個細微嘅頓挫——兩個 -ing 短語，然後一個 to 不定式，全部喺同一個清單裏面。個想法冇問題。淨係個節奏斷咗。歡迎嚟到平行結構，呢個係產生最大精緻度擺動嘅最細文法題目。

平行性係令一句句子感覺專業嘅嘢。當一個清單或者比較裏面嘅元素共享同樣嘅文法形式，讀者嘅耳仔就會鎖入個模式，快速吸收個意思。當一個元素打破個模式，讀者就會跣低——往往係佢自己唔知點解。喺 TOEFL iBT 2026 嘅時間壓力下，平行結構係最先甩轆嘅嘢之一，亦係最容易修補嘅嘢之一。

點解呢樣嘢喺 TOEFL iBT 2026 好重要

TOEFL Writing 評分標準特別獎勵「句法變化同恰當嘅用字」。平行結構係嗰個訊號嘅一半。清單、比較同相關配對喺學術寫作裏面周圍都係，而一個乾淨嘅平行層係一個細心寫作者嘅可見標記。

喺 Reading 度，平行結構係一個理解輔助。學術文章往往喺單一句句子裏面呈現三四個例子——而個平行形式係佢哋屬於同一組嘅提示。認出個模式加快你嘅閱讀。

喺 Speaking 度——尤其係 Take an Interview——一個平行三連（「I want to study abroad to learn the language, to experience the culture, and to build international contacts」）喺十二秒以內聽落自信而有組織。評分員會留意到。

喺 Writing 度，平行性喺 What's the Right Way to Write an Email on the TOEFL 2026? 任務裏面發揮佢最大嘅作用，喺嗰度禮貌措辭往往以配對同三連嘅形式出現；佢喺 Academic Discussion 回應裏面亦發揮作用，喺嗰度列舉原因或者例子係一個預設動作。

陷阱

平行結構喺時間壓力下會喺三個可預測嘅地方斷裂。

清單裏面嘅項目。 當你畀兩三個例子時，佢哋應該共享文法形式。三個 -ing 短語、三個 to 不定式、三個名詞短語。錯誤係混合形式：「reading, swimming, and to hike」。頭兩個係 -ing 動名詞；第三個係不定式。修正佢成「reading, swimming, and hiking」或者「to read, to swim, and to hike」。兩個都得——重要嘅係一致性。

相關連接詞。 英文有幾個必須連接平行結構嘅配對字：either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also、both…and、whether…or、not…but。配對中第一個字之後嘅嘢，必須同第二個字之後嘅嘢匹配。「She is not only intelligent but also works hard」打破平行性：intelligent 係形容詞，works hard 係動詞短語。修正佢成「She is not only intelligent but also hardworking」或者「She not only is intelligent but also works hard」。

比較。 當你比較兩件嘢時，比較兩邊嘅文法形式必須匹配。「Writing essays is harder than to give speeches」混合一個動名詞同一個不定式。修正佢成「Writing essays is harder than giving speeches」。as…as 比較同樣道理：「Reading is as useful as to listen」應該係「Reading is as useful as listening」。

仲有三個值得提名嘅子陷阱。

動詞時態平行性。「She studied for the test, attended every class, and is doing extra problems」混合簡單過去式同現在進行式。揀一個時態，喺成個清單裏面企穩佢。

冠詞同介詞平行性。 如果清單裏面第一個項目包含一個介詞或者冠詞，其餘嘅都應該有——或者全部都唔應該有。「She works in the lab, library, and the office」漏出嚟，因為 the 喺 office 出現但喺 lab 或者 library 唔出現。要麼每次都重複個冠詞，要麼用一次：「She works in the lab, the library, and the office」或者「She works in the lab, library, and office」。

長句裏面嘅主謂平行性。 帶有多個動詞嘅長句有時喺中途切換語態或者主語。「The committee approved the budget, the schedule was reviewed, and the chair announced the next meeting」混合主動同被動結構。對齊個語態——全部主動或者全部被動——令句子感覺連貫。

錯 / 較好 / 點解

邊度會出現

Academic Discussion 回應。 大部分強勁回應至少用一個三連——三個原因、三個例子，或者三個好處。每一個三連都係一個平行性測試。喺結尾句打破平行結構係一個頻繁嘅漏洞：「We should focus on access, affordability, and improving quality」混合兩個名詞短語同一個動詞短語。

Write for an Academic Discussion。 一連接連兩三個學術論點幾乎一定需要平行結構：「The professor challenges the first claim by noting X, citing Y, and arguing Z.」將三個 -ing 動詞保持平行，係一個乾淨回應同一個斷斷續續回應之間嘅分別。

Write an Email。 禮貌措辭依賴平行配對：「I would like to confirm the date and to ask about the agenda」或者「I would like to confirm the date and ask about the agenda」——揀一個模式並企穩。喺一封禮貌電郵裏面混合形式讀落係粗心大意。

Take an Interview。 一個平行三連係一個高產出嘅講嘢動作：「I want to take the course because it builds analytical skills, because it covers real cases, and because the professor is excellent.」嗰個重複喺一個短回答裏面強化清晰度。

快速修正

每當你喺寫作裏面見到一個清單、一個比較，或者一個相關配對時，做一個三步檢查。

第一，識別個連接詞或者比較字：and、or、but、as…as、more than、both…and、either…or、not only…but also。呢啲字幾乎一定引入平行配對或者清單。

第二，讀由嗰個字連接嘅每個項目嘅文法形式。項目一係動名詞嗎？項目二應該係動名詞。項目一係一個以 the 開頭嘅名詞短語嗎？項目二應該一樣——或者兩個都應該掉走 the。

第三，改寫打破嘅項目嚟匹配。幾乎每個平行性修正都係一個一字改動：將 to hike 換成 hiking、將 works hard 換成 hardworking、將 being creative 換成 creativity。

一個額外嘅啟發法：當你唔肯定嘅時候，喺你個腦入面將個清單改寫成一個垂直項目清單：

• reading
• swimming
• to hike

如果一個項目睇落同其他唔同，修正佢。呢個技巧花三秒鐘，就捕捉到幾乎每一個平行斷裂。

小練習

1. 令個清單平行：She enjoys reading novels, watching films, and to listen to podcasts.
2. 修正相關配對：He is not only a strong writer but also speaks well in public.
3. 修補比較：Studying with classmates is more effective than to study alone.
4. 對齊動詞：The professor reviewed the syllabus, the assignments were explained, and answered our questions.
5. 令介詞一致：Students were instructed to bring a notebook, pen, and their textbook.

可能嘅改良版本：(1) She enjoys reading novels, watching films, and listening to podcasts. (2) He is not only a strong writer but also a strong public speaker. (3) Studying with classmates is more effective than studying alone. (4) The professor reviewed the syllabus, explained the assignments, and answered our questions. (5) Students were instructed to bring a notebook, a pen, and a textbook.

提交前要檢查啲咩

喺你撳交之前，花三十秒做一次平行結構檢查。喺你嘅回應裏面搵 and、or、but、both、either、neither、not only、as 同 than 呢啲字。每一個都標示一個兩個或以上元素應該匹配嘅地方。對你搵到嘅每一個匹配，問下兩邊係咪共享同樣嘅文法形式。如果唔係，將細嗰邊改去匹配大嗰邊——通常係一個一字修正。然後喺心入面大聲讀返你最長嗰句句子，聽返個節奏。如果你喺清單裏面最後一個項目跣低，個清單好可能打破咗平行性。一個乾淨嘅平行層係你可以畀一個 TOEFL 回應嘅最靜悄悄、最可靠嘅升級。