TOEFL 嘅比較句：More Than、As Much As、Fewer Than、Compared With
Write for an Academic Discussion 練習答案剩返五分鐘。你想乾淨俐落咁對比兩個學術論點。你打：「The lecturer presents fewer evidence than the reading, and her conclusion is more clearer.」呢個答案其他方面都幾紮實。但兩個比較錯誤啱啱溜咗入嚟——一個不可數對可數嘅失手，一個雙重比較級。評分員兩個都留意到。分數卡喺 Band 4，而唔係推上 Band 5。歡迎嚟到比較陷阱，喺呢度，關於 more、fewer、as 同 than 嘅細微選擇，承載住出人意表嘅分量。
比較句喺 TOEFL iBT 2026 周圍都係。Write for an Academic Discussion 同 Take an Interview 都好倚重比較片語。Read an Academic Passage 嘅文章不斷用比較結構嚟突顯兩個理論、兩個時期或者兩種方法之間嘅對比。而比較句文法嘅規則，比大部分學習者意識到嘅都要多。
點解呢樣嘢喺 TOEFL iBT 2026 咁緊要
Write for an Academic Discussion 經常要求你比較立場：教授嘅題目、同學嘅評論，同埋你自己嘅觀點。每一段都可以包含至少一個比較字：however, in contrast, more, fewer, less, the same as, similar to, unlike, whereas。每一個都需要啱嘅結構先至到位。
喺閱讀，比較訊號字引導推論。文章經常會講「Theory A explains X more comprehensively than Theory B」——而個比較級就係整段證據。如果你睇錯咗方向，你就會錯失個推論。
喺 Academic Discussion，將你嘅立場同前面學生嘅立場比較，係你可以做嘅最強招數之一：「While Emma focuses on cost, my main concern is access.」呢句係一個喬裝嘅比較。
喺口說，受控制嘅比較片語例如 "more efficient than"、"just as important as" 同 "fewer disruptions than"，會將一個答案提升到一般措辭之上。口語英文容許較鬆嘅比較形式，但基本規則仍然適用。
陷阱本身
比較句文法喺時間壓力下，會以六種可預測嘅方式失敗。
More / fewer / less（可數對不可數）。 Fewer 配可數名詞——可以逐個數嘅嘢：fewer students, fewer mistakes, fewer arguments。Less 配不可數名詞——量度而唔係點數嘅嘢：less water, less time, less evidence。"fewer evidence" 呢個片語係錯嘅，因為 evidence 喺正式英文係不可數名詞。fewer information, fewer research, fewer feedback 都一樣——全部都應該用 less。
雙重比較級。 英文用兩種方式構成比較級：短形容詞用 -er（bigger, faster, clearer），長形容詞用 more（more important, more efficient, more comprehensive）。將佢哋夾埋一齊就產生雙重比較級：more bigger, more clearer, more faster。呢啲永遠都係錯。揀一種形式。
不完整比較。 一個比較級需要兩樣嘢去比較。"This essay is more clear" 引出一個問題：more clear than what？喺時間壓力下，學習者經常將比較嘅下半截甩咗。評分員惟有靠估。要麼完成個比較（"more clear than the first draft"），要麼唔用比較級重寫（"This essay is clear"）。
As much as / as many as。 Much 配不可數名詞；many 配可數名詞。"She drinks as much coffee as her sister"（不可數）。"She solved as many problems as her sister"（可數）。混淆佢哋——"as many coffee" 或者 "as much problems"——係一個常見嘅失手。
The same as / similar to / different from。 呢三個片語喺正式英文有固定嘅介系詞。係 The same as，唔係 the same with。係 Similar to，唔係 similar with 或者 similar than。係 Different from，唔係 different with 或者 different than（雖然 different than 喺非正式美式英文越嚟越受接受，但 different from 喺 TOEFL 係較穩陣嘅選擇）。
Compared with / compared to。 兩者都啱，但喺正式寫作有少少唔同嘅用法。Compared with 用於分析性嘅對比："Compared with traditional methods, the new approach is more efficient."。Compared to 用於比擬或者類比："Life can be compared to a journey."。喺 TOEFL 寫作，當你呈現一個分析嘅時候，compared with 係較穩陣嘅正式選擇。
第七個問題：比較咗錯嘅嘢。"The economy of Brazil is larger than France" 將一個經濟體同一個國家比較。正確嘅比較係 "The economy of Brazil is larger than that of France" 或者 "The economy of Brazil is larger than the French economy"。比較對象不對等嘅錯誤好微妙，但喺正式寫作會扣分。
錯誤／更好／原因
| 錯誤 | 更好 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| The lecturer presents fewer evidence than the reading. | The lecturer presents less evidence than the reading. | Evidence 係不可數名詞——用 less，唔用 fewer。 |
| The new method is more clearer than the old one. | The new method is clearer than the old one. | Clearer 已經係比較級；more clearer 重複咗。 |
| This essay is more developed. | This essay is more developed than my previous draft. | 一個比較級需要一個寫明嘅比較對象。 |
| She solved as much problems as her classmate. | She solved as many problems as her classmate. | Problems 係可數名詞——用 as many。 |
| Online classes are similar with in-person classes in some ways. | Online classes are similar to in-person classes in some ways. | Similar 配介系詞 to，唔係 with。 |
| The conclusion is different than the introduction suggests. | The conclusion is different from what the introduction suggests. | 正式 TOEFL 寫作偏好 different from。 |
| The population of Tokyo is larger than New York. | The population of Tokyo is larger than that of New York. | 將一個人口同一個人口比較，唔係同一個城市。 |
| She works more harder than anyone in the team. | She works harder than anyone in the team. | Harder 已經係比較級；加 more 就重複咗。 |
喺邊度出現
Write for an Academic Discussion。 呢條題目往往獎勵有結構嘅比較。每一段主體都可以包含一兩個比較片語。呢度嘅錯誤好顯眼，因為評分員喺度睇你表達諸觀點之間關係嗰陣有幾乾淨俐落。less convincing than, in contrast with, similar to, compared with the reading 呢類片語係呢條題目嘅主力——而每一個都要文法乾淨。
Read an Academic Passage 嘅改寫句式。 好多答案選項會打亂一個比較嘅方向。原文可能講 "Theory A is more widely accepted than Theory B"，而三個錯嘅答案會調轉方向或者削弱個比較。準確讀懂比較句文法，係推論戰役嘅一半。
Academic Discussion。 將你嘅立場同前面學生比較係一招強招：「My concern differs from Emma's in that…」或者「Compared with Carlos's argument, my position emphasizes…」。呢啲開場白會提升你答案被感知到嘅複雜度。
Take an Interview。 喺一個簡短答案入面做一個受控制嘅比較，會展示你嘅幅度：「Studying abroad is more valuable than online courses because…」。避免堆疊形容詞或者用雙重比較級——口語英文較寬容，但評分員仍然會留意到。
想了解更多關於比較結構喺閱讀入面點同生字互相影響，可以睇我點解答 TOEFL 2026 閱讀嘅 Vocabulary-in-Context 題目？——比較子句往往提供周圍嘅線索。
快速修正
三個檢查解決大部分比較錯誤。
第一，喺寫 fewer 或者 less 之前，問吓個名詞係可數定不可數。如果你可以喺佢前面擺一個數字（three students, twelve mistakes, two arguments），就用 fewer。如果你唔可以（water, time, evidence, information, research），就用 less。一個快速嘅心算測試：「five _____」講唔講得通？如果講得通，就係可數名詞。
第二，喺將 more 同一個形容詞夾埋之前，檢查吓個形容詞係咪已經有 -er。Faster, clearer, easier, bigger, longer 已經係比較級。唔好加 more。長形容詞（important, efficient, comprehensive, beneficial）唔用 -er；佢哋用 more。兩個系統唔會夾埋一齊。
第三，完成每一個比較。每逢你寫 more、less、fewer、bigger、clearer、better、worse，問吓：more than what？Better than what？如果答案唔喺句子入面，就加返佢。即使一個含糊嘅比較（"better than before"），都比完全冇比較清晰。
第四個檢查純粹係結構性嘅：確保你比較緊吻合嘅嘢。人口對人口。經濟體對經濟體。Reading 對 lecture（唔係 reading 對 lecturer）。that of 呢個片語——"the population of Tokyo is larger than that of New York"——係修正對象不對等比較嘅正式方法。
小練習
- Fix the count/mass error: The lecturer has fewer evidence to support her claim.
- Repair the double comparative: This essay is more shorter than the first draft.
- Complete the comparison: The new approach is more efficient.
- Choose the right quantifier: She made (as much / as many) mistakes as I did.
- Match the things being compared: The climate of the desert is hotter than the coast.
Possible improved versions: (1) The lecturer has less evidence to support her claim. (2) This essay is shorter than the first draft. (3) The new approach is more efficient than the old method. (4) She made as many mistakes as I did. (5) The climate of the desert is hotter than that of the coast.
提交之前要檢查啲咩
喺你最後一次掃描入面，獵捕三種句式。第一，視覺上搜尋 fewer、less、much 同 many：確認每一個都同佢個名詞嘅可數對不可數狀態吻合。第二，搜尋任何以 -er 結尾、前面有 more 嘅形容詞——呢啲係雙重比較級，需要刪走 more。第三，搜尋每一個 more、less、better、worse、bigger、clearer：確認每一個附近都有一個寫明嘅比較對象。如果你喺一個比較級附近搵唔到 "than X" 或者 "compared with Y"，咁個比較就係不完整——加返欠缺嘅另一半，或者唔用比較級重寫。呢個三步掃描大約用四十秒，可以捉到嗰啲最經常將一個強答案壓喺 Band 5 以下嘅比較錯誤。