「Put」嘅多副面孔：Off、Up With、Down、Out

"Put" 聽落似係世上最簡單嘅動詞 —— 你 put a cup on a table 就完事。然後有人話佢哋 "put off" 一個會議、"put up with" 一個嘈喧巴閉嘅鄰居、"put out" 一場火，呢個簡單嘅動詞就揭示咗一個出奇咁戲劇化嘅家族。等我哋識下 "put" 嘅所有面孔。

快速答案

Put 個根本意思係「將樣嘢放喺某處」。每個 phrasal 版本都係「放置」嘅一種味道 —— 放喺時間上、放喺壓力之下、放低、放到睇唔到。Put off = 放喺時間較遲嘅位置（延期）。Put down = 放低（或者批評）。Put out = 放到外面，或者撲熄。Put up with = 忍受加諸喺你身上嘅嘢。記住「放置」呢個概念，成個家族就保持有條理。

核心概念

Put 將樣嘢放低喺某個位置。個 particle 跟住就為個位置命名：off 將佢推遲或者推開；down 將佢放低、移走或者貶低；out 將佢送到外面或者撲熄；on 將佢加上一個表面或者一個身體；up 將佢升起或者招待佢；away 將佢收埋唔見；through 將佢接駁到另一邊。想像一隻手放低一件物件，跟住睇個 particle 將佢送去邊。

真實例句

Put off

兩個意思，感覺好唔同：

• 延期。 "We put off the trip until the weather improves."
• 令人反感或者卻步。 "His rude tone put me off completely." 喺度解佢令你失去興趣或者熱情。

Put up with

容忍或者忍受唔愉快嘅嘢。"I can't put up with this noise any longer." "She's put up with a lot from that team."

Put down

呢個有三種人生：

• 將樣嘢放喺一個表面。 "He put down his bag and sat."
• 批評或者貶低。 "Stop putting yourself down — you did great."
• 人道地或者用武力結束某樣嘢。 "The old farm dog had to be put down."（另外："Troops were sent to put down the rebellion."）

Put on

著／戴，或者添加。"Put on a coat; it's freezing." "She put on a brave face." 佢都可以解上演或者製作："The school put on a play."

Put out

兩個關鍵意思：

• 撲熄。 "Firefighters put out the blaze within an hour."
• 麻煩到某人。 "I hope I'm not putting you out by staying the night."

Put away

將樣嘢放返原位，或者食／飲落驚人嘅份量。"Put away your toys before dinner." "He can really put away a pizza."

Put through

用電話接駁，或者令某人捱過一個過程。"Let me put you through to the manager." "They put her through a tough interview."

Put up

升起或者搭建、招待某人，或者展示。"They put up a new fence." "Can you put me up for the night?" "She put up the decorations early."

意思翻轉對比組

一個動詞、三個 particle、三種心情：

• "She put off the meeting."（延期咗佢）
• "She put up a guest for the meeting."（招待咗佢哋）
• "She put down her notes before the meeting."（將佢哋放喺枱面）

延期、招待、放低 —— 個 particle 包辦晒所有掌舵。

常見錯誤

• "We put off to next week the meeting." → "We put off the meeting until next week." · 新時間用 "until"，而且賓語要貼住個動詞。
• "I can't put up this noise." → "I can't put up with this noise." · 要忍受某樣嘢，你需要完整嘅 "put up with"。
• "Firefighters put off the fire." → "Firefighters put out the fire." · 撲熄用 "out"，唔係 "off"。
• "He put down of the box." → "He put down the box." · 唔好加多個 "of"；down 已經帶出咗賓語。

考試陷阱

好似 TOEIC 同 TOEFL 呢類考試偏愛 put off，因為佢帶住兩個毫不相干嘅意思。一條考試句可能寫："The smell of the old building really put her off." 一個只識「延期」嘅讀者會卡住 —— 呢度根本冇活動可以延期。策略係：睇下後面跟住乜。如果 "put off" 後面跟住一個活動或者一個日期，就解「延期」。如果後面跟住一個人（或者 "me"、"her"、"him"），就幾乎一定解「令人卻步」或者「令人反感」。畀個賓語話你聽邊個意思當值。

小測試

1. They had to put _____ the picnic because of the rain.（延期）
2. I don't know how she puts _____ such a long commute.（容忍）
3. Please put _____ your shoes before we go.（著／戴）
4. The campers put _____ the fire before sleeping.（撲熄）
5. Can you put me _____ to the billing department?（用電話接駁）

答案

1. off —— Put off 喺一個活動之前解延期。
2. up with —— Put up with 解容忍。
3. on —— Put on 解著／戴。
4. out —— Put out 解撲熄。
5. through —— Put through 解接駁電話。

一句總結

將「放置」擺喺中心，"put" 嘅每副面孔都搵到自己嘅位置。

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