Squared、Cubed 同 to the Power Of:用淺白英文講指數

Squared、Cubed 同 to the Power Of:用淺白英文講指數

喺一節科學堂,有個學生指住嗰行 E = mc²,問補習老師:「How do I say this in English?」老師寫晒出嚟:「E equals m c squared.」學生跟住讀一次,停一停,然後問:「And if it's three?」老師笑笑口:「Cubed. Like a cube. Then everything else is to the power of n.」指數係其中一個英文會因應角落嗰個細細個數字而用三套完全唔同句式嘅課題 —— 而多數學習者揀咗一套句式之後就周圍硬套。

點解咁緊要

指數出現喺科學、財務、工程、統計,以及任何關於增長、複利或者規模嘅對話裏面。老師可能會講:「The area is x squared.」一段財務影片可能會講:「If you compound, the value goes to (1 + r) to the n.」醫生可能會提到「ten to the sixth bacteria per milliliter」。如果你解唔到啲指數字眼,成句嘅意思就崩潰。好消息係只得三套句式,而你其中兩套喺日常英文裏面已經識。

規律

升到細次方嘅數字有佢哋自己嘅字眼。

Squared 係指數 ² 嘅口語字眼。 讀做「x squared」,等於 x × x。面積單位 square meters 都係源自同一個概念 —— 一個每邊 x 米嘅正方形,面積係 x² m²。所以「five squared」= 5² = 25

Cubed 係指數 ³ 嘅口語字眼。 讀做「x cubed」,等於 x × x × x。一個每邊 x 米嘅立方體,體積係 x³ m³。所以「five cubed」= 5³ = 125

對於大過 3 嘅指數,英文用一般句式 to the power of n 或者 to the n-th power。兩個都啱:

  • x⁴ → 「x to the power of four」或者「x to the fourth power」,又或者隨意噉講「x to the fourth」。
  • x⁵ → 「x to the power of five」/「x to the fifth」。
  • 10⁶ → 「ten to the sixth」或者「ten to the power of six」。

對於好常見嘅科學記數法,ten to the n 係一個固定短語:ten to the third 係一千,ten to the sixth 係一百萬,ten to the ninth 係十億。科學家喺傾偈時好少講「ten to the power of nine」—— 較短嘅形式先係標準。

對於負指數,你講 to the negative n:10⁻³ 讀做「ten to the negative three」,等於 1/1000。同一個規律:negative 擺喺數字前面,正如普通有正負號嘅數字咁。

對於零指數,x⁰ 讀做「x to the zero」或者「x to the power of zero」。(任何非零數字嘅零次方都係 1。)

對於根,英文又轉返用簡短嘅字眼。

Square root 嘅口語字眼。√25 讀做「the square root of twenty-five」,等於 5。留意個介詞 of —— square root of,唔係 square root for

Cube root 嘅口語字眼。∛27 讀做「the cube root of twenty-seven」,等於 3。

對於更高次嘅根,英文用 n-th root:⁴√16 讀做「the fourth root of sixteen」,又或者想用一個一般短語就講「the n-th root of sixteen」。

三個細細個提醒。第一,喺口語英文裏面,power 一字用喺 to the power of n,但當你想表達 x squared 嘅時候,你唔會講 the power of x is two。第二,squaredcubed 係過去式樣貌嘅形容詞 —— 佢哋擺喺變量後面,而唔係前面。X squared,唔係 squared x。第三,鍵盤上表示乘方嘅符號係 ^,喺技術語境通常叫 caret 或者 hat:x^2 讀法同 一模一樣。

錯誤 / 自然 / 點解

錯誤 自然 點解
X power two X squared 嘅固定短語係 x squared,唔係 x power two
The power of x is three. X cubed (or: x to the third power.) 指數擺喺變量後面,配口語短語 squared / cubed / to the power of N
Five squared is ten. Five squared is twenty-five. 5² = 5 × 5 = 25Squared 解作自己乘自己,唔係乘二。
Five cubed is fifteen. Five cubed is one hundred twenty-five. 5³ = 5 × 5 × 5 = 125Cubed 係三次方,唔係乘三。
Ten power six Ten to the sixth (or: ten to the power of six) 固定句式喺數字前面包含 to the
Square root for sixteen Square root of sixteen Of 係配 root 嘅標準介詞。
The cube root from twenty-seven The cube root of twenty-seven 同一條介詞規則。
X to the negative two power X to the negative two (or: x to the power of negative two) Negative 擺喺數字前面;唔好喺尾再疊 power
Two to the power ten equals one thousand. Two to the tenth power equals one thousand twenty-four. 2¹⁰ = 1024,唔係 1000。(10³ = 1000。)要留意你升緊嘅係邊個底數。
X squared squared X to the fourth 疊埋嘅 squared 唔地道;(x²)² = x⁴to the fourth

常見情境

幾何功課。「The area of the square is x squared.」自然咁簡短 —— x squared 係人人對 唯一會用嘅英文形式。

食譜或者科學裏面嘅體積。「The volume of the cube is x cubed, measured in cubic centimeters.」留意 cubed 一字出現咗兩次:一次代表指數,一次代表單位(cubic centimeters,通常寫 cm³)。

複利。「After n years, the value is P times (1 plus r) to the n.」一位財務老師將 P(1 + r)ⁿ 讀做「P times one plus r to the n」。呢度個口快捷方式就係 to the n 而唔係 to the power of n

生物學裏面嘅科學記數法。「The sample contained ten to the sixth bacteria per milliliter.」一百萬個細菌,寫做 10⁶。短形式 ten to the sixth 係通用嘅實驗室讀法。

電腦科學堂。「An array with two to the tenth elements is about a thousand entries.」one thousandone thousand twenty-four 對於 2¹⁰ 都係可接受嘅口語數值;科學家喺隨意傾偈時通常會約成 about a thousand

當你需要將指數嘅講法同基本運算字眼結合嘅時候,Plus、Minus、Times、Divided By:點樣用英文讀數學符號 係一個有用嘅熱身 —— 啲運算字眼就係次方同根之間嘅黏合劑。

常見錯誤

  • x power two 而唔係 x squared。英文嘅指數系統唔會喺細指數中間擺 power
  • squared 誤當成 乘二Squared 解作 自己乘自己5² = 25,唔係 10。
  • cubed 誤當成 乘三Cubedx × x × x5³ = 125,唔係 15。
  • square rootcube rootfor 而唔係 of。固定短語係 square root of N
  • 疊埋指數字眼:x squared squared(x²)²x to the fourth
  • 唔記得個介詞 to the:ten power six 唔完整;自然形式係 ten to the sixth 或者 ten to the power of six
  • x^2 逐字讀成 x hat two。鍵盤上嘅 caret 讀法同真正嘅指數一樣:x squared
  • 誤用 power 嚟讀更高次嘅根。個句式係 the n-th root of,唔係 the n-th power root of
  • 唔記得 squaredcubed 亦都出現喺單位名:square meterssquare kilometerscubic meterscubic feet。呢啲表示面積同體積,係指數字眼嘅直系親戚。

迷你練習

將每條算式大聲讀出嚟,並且寫低完整嘅英文版本。

  1. 7² = 49
  2. 4³ = 64
  3. 10⁶ = 1,000,000
  4. √81 = 9
  5. ∛125 = 5

總結

對於頭兩個指數,英文用簡短嘅字眼 squared()同 cubed()。對於其餘嘅,句式係 to the power of n 或者 to the n-th power,加上特別嘅科學簡寫 ten to the n。根用 square root ofcube root ofn-th root of,永遠配介詞 of。負指數喺數字前面加 negative。讀一次個符號,將啲字眼擺喺啱嘅次序,指數嘅講法就唔再似一種外語。


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