唔使真係跑：run 配 into、out、over、by 嘅變化

你可以 run a marathon（跑馬拉松）、run a company（經營公司）、run out of milk（用完啲奶）、run into an old friend（撞到舊朋友），而呢啲全部都唔使行一步。動詞 run 係英文入面最忙嘅字之一，而大部分時候佢同對腳完全冇關。加返一個細細嘅小品詞，個意思就會跳去你估唔到嘅地方。

快速解答

run 嘅核心係「持續嘅移動或者流動」——啲嘢快速而自由咁郁緊。由呢度開始，佢向兩個大方向伸展：實際嘅移動（對腳、機器、流水）同抽象嘅移動（時間、物資、情況）。你加上去嘅小品詞——into、out、over、by、up、down、through、away ——每一個都會將呢股流動扭去唔同嘅結果。

核心概念

諗像一條河。佢會流動、會水位變低、會滿瀉、會帶住嘢一齊走。差唔多每一個 run 嘅片語用法，都可以追溯返去呢個「啲嘢流動或者郁緊」嘅畫面。

機器會「run」，係因為佢啲零件不停郁緊。時間會「run out」，係因為佢不停流走，直到一滴都唔剩。你「run into」一個人，就好似兩股水流相撞。一旦你感受到呢個流動嘅比喻，啲小品詞就唔再覺得係亂咁嚟。Out 將佢流乾。Over 流過個邊滿瀉。By 令佢快速經過。Up 令佢愈堆愈高。Down 令佢慢慢減弱或者停落嚟。

自然例句

run into（偶然相遇／相撞）

I ran into my old teacher at the supermarket yesterday.
The car skidded and ran into a fence.

run out (of)

We've run out of coffee again.
My phone battery ran out halfway through the call.

run over

A truck nearly ran over a cat on our street.
Sorry, this meeting has run over by ten minutes.

run by (someone)

Can I run this idea by you before the meeting?
Let me run the numbers by my manager first.

run up

He ran up a huge phone bill last month.
She ran up the stairs to grab her keys.

run down

My laptop battery runs down quickly in the cold.
He ran down his own teammate in front of everyone, which felt unfair.

run through

Let's run through the plan one more time before we start.
A strange feeling ran through the crowd when the lights went out.

run away

The kids ran away from the barking dog.
He ran away from the problem instead of solving it.

意思反轉對比

留意下同一個動詞點樣完全轉向：

「A car ran into a wall.」＝撞車。
「I ran into a friend.」＝開心嘅巧遇。
「We ran over the cat.」＝真係輾過隻貓，好慘嘅意外。
「The lecture ran over.」＝講座超時。

一樣嘅字，完全唔同嘅世界。上文下理同後面跟住嗰個名詞，會話你知邊個意思先啱。

常見錯誤

「We runned out of bread.」→「We ran out of bread.」· Run 係不規則動詞：run, ran, run。冇 -ed。
「Can I run this idea to you?」→「Can I run this idea by you?」· 想徵詢人嘅意見，個小品詞係 by，唔係 to。
「I ran out my money.」→「I ran out of money.」· Run out 差唔多一定要喺消失咗嗰樣嘢前面加 of。
「The bus ran over of time.」→「The meeting ran over.」· Run over（講時間）唔使加 of；佢淨係指超出咗限制。
「He ran away the dog.」→「He ran away from the dog.」· Run away 要喺你逃避嗰樣嘢前面加 from。

考試陷阱

閱讀同聆聽部分好鍾意考 run，因為一句之內可以收埋兩個意思。一條典型嘅陷阱句可能係：「After the storm, the volunteers found that the shelter had completely run down.」一個只係識「run down」解作「批評某人」嘅考生，就會揀錯答案。喺度佢其實指間庇護所「被荒廢、狀況好差」。應對策略：千祈唔好一見到第一個記得嘅意思就鎖死。睇主語。一棟建築物 runs down（破敗）；一粒電池 runs down（耗盡）；一個人 runs someone down（批評或者撞到人）。等個名詞嚟揀意思，唔好靠你嘅習慣。

小練習

We've _____ _____ _____ sugar — can you buy some?
I _____ _____ my cousin at the airport completely by chance.
Let me _____ this plan _____ you before I decide.
The presentation _____ _____ by fifteen minutes.
The frightened cat _____ _____ from the children.

答案

run out of — 物資用晒；run out 要喺名詞前面加 of。
ran into — 巧遇；留意不規則過去式 ran。
run / by — 想徵詢意見，個小品詞係 by。
ran over — 講時間超出限制，run over 唔使加 of。
ran away — 逃走；要喺 children 前面加 from 先完整。

小總結

片語	核心意思
run into	偶然相遇／相撞
run out (of)	完全用晒
run over	超出限制／被車撞到
run by	徵詢某人意見
run up	累積／快速攀升
run down	耗盡、破敗或者批評
run through	排練／穿過
run away	逃走或者逃避

感受到每一個 run 背後嗰股流動，啲小品詞就唔再係考記憶力。佢哋變成指示牌，話你知股水流流去邊。

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