Per、Each、Every 同 A Pop:講比率同單價嘅英文
有個學生幫辦公室買咖啡。收銀員問要幾多杯,佢講:「Six, please. How much per cup?」對方笑笑口答:「Three fifty a pop.」佢停一停。A pop? 聽落好似佢將一個細細個氣球掉咗入對話裏面。但佢其實只係講咗同 per cup 一樣嘅嘢,只係用咗 per 嗰個親切、隨意嘅姊妹版本。英文起碼有五個常見方法去講一個比率 —— 而每一個都啱用喺稍為唔同嘅場合。
點解咁緊要
比率同單價周圍都出現:喺超級市場、油站、餐牌、人工討論、實驗報告、健身 app、發票,以及每一個叫你描述數據嘅考試裏面。如果你淨係識 per,你聽落好似教科書。如果你淨係識 a pop,你喺餐車度好掂,但喺董事會裏面就好怪。揀啱個字話畀聽者知你係喺讀圖表、寫電郵,定係同朋友傾偈。呢套字好細,規則好簡單,而回報好大。
如果想深入了解比例裏面用嘅 to 同 in 介詞,你或者想瀏覽吓 點樣講 Decimals、Fractions 同 Ratios 而唔會卡住。比率同比例共用好多文法。
規律
Per 係主力。佢解作 for every one。佢幾乎配任何單位都得:per hour、per gallon、per person、per kilometer、per night、per visit。Per 中性、稍為正式,喺口語英文、書面語、商業同學術語境裏面都自在。
Each 擺喺價錢或者數量後面。佢係 per 嘅日常口語表親,最啱用喺你講緊一件件相同物件、逐件去數嘅時候。
- The apples are a dollar each.
- The tickets cost fifteen dollars each.
Every 引入一個循環或者間隔,通常配時間或者頻率。
- The bus comes every ten minutes.
- Take one tablet every four hours.
- We meet every Tuesday.
Apiece 係 each 嘅稍為舊式、正式啲嘅表親。佢仍然出現喺書面語同謹慎嘅口語裏面。
- The lottery tickets cost two dollars apiece.
A pop 非常隨意,喺日常口語裏面用嚟解 each。佢喺商店、餐車同朋友間嘅閒談裏面用得 —— 永遠唔用喺正式寫作。
- These tacos are four dollars a pop.
A / an 喺固定短語裏面可以悄悄噉做同一份工。
- Sixty miles an hour(同 per hour 一樣)。
- Five dollars a kilo。
呢個 a / an 形式喺日常口語裏面極之常見。Per 聽落稍為臨床啲;a / an 喺講價錢、速度同比率嘅對話裏面聽落自然啲。
錯誤 / 自然 / 點解
| 錯誤 | 自然 | 點解 |
|---|---|---|
| The apples are per dollar each. | The apples are a dollar each. | Per 同 each 做同一份工;兩個一齊用就多餘。 |
| The car goes 60 miles per a hour. | The car goes 60 miles per hour. | Per 後面直接跟單位,冇冠詞。 |
| Take this pill every of four hours. | Take this pill every four hours. | Every 後面跟數字同時間單位,冇 of。 |
| The tickets are 15 dollars per piece. | The tickets are 15 dollars each. | Each(或者 apiece)係為相同物件定價嘅自然講法。 |
| Two dollars for each apple, each one. | Two dollars each. | 一旦你講咗 each,就唔需要再加 each one。 |
| Sixty miles for hour | Sixty miles an hour | 簡寫形式用 a 或者 an,唔係 for。 |
| The buses come at every 10 minutes. | The buses come every 10 minutes. | Every 喺時間間隔前面唔加 at。 |
| Three dollars per of these. | Three dollars for these (or each). | Per 喺名詞前面唔會同 of 結合。 |
| It costs 5 dollars a pop apiece. | It costs 5 dollars a pop. (or apiece) | A pop 同 apiece 係同義詞;唔好疊埋。 |
常見情境
喺超級市場。講價錢中性又日常嘅方法係 per pound、a pound 或者單純 each。「How much per pound are these tomatoes?」你亦都可以問:「How much a kilo?」—— 兩個都得。如果收銀員嗌返:「Two fifty a kilo」,佢就用咗 a / an 形式,喺口語英文裏面比 per kilo 自然。
喺路上。速度同油都靠 per 同 a:「We are doing about sixty miles an hour.」「This car gets thirty miles per gallon.」司機傾偈時幾乎永遠講 miles an hour 同 miles a gallon,而 miles per hour 就出現喺正式寫作同警察文件裏面。
租地方。廣告將單位刊登做「one thousand two hundred dollars per month」,或者短期住宿「one twenty a night」。同朋友傾偈時,你可能會講:「It costs about a hundred and twenty a night, which is not bad for that area.」
醫療指示。藥劑師講:「Take one tablet every four hours, but no more than six per day.」留意呢個混用:every 配時間間隔,per 配每日總數。佢哋喺同一句裏面開開心心噉共存。
人工對話。「She earns about seventy thousand a year.」「I get fifteen dollars an hour.」「The freelance rate is around eighty dollars per hour.」三個都啱,而 a / an 同 per 之間嘅揀法主要係語氣。An hour 聽落隨意;per hour 聽落專業。
演唱會門票同活動價錢。「Tickets are forty dollars apiece, or one fifty for four.」一位親切嘅收銀員可能會講:「Forty bucks a pop.」一張正式嘅傳單就會寫「tickets are forty dollars each」。同一個價錢,三種語域。
常見錯誤
- 喺 per 用冠詞:per a day、per an hour。正確形式係 per day、per hour。喺 per 之後,去咗個冠詞。
- 疊埋 per 同 each:five dollars per apple each 多餘。揀一個。
- 喺價錢前面而唔係後面用 each。自然次序係 價錢 + each:the books are ten dollars each,唔係 each ten dollars。
- 喺時間間隔裏面溝埋 every 同 each。Every two hours 啱。Each two hours 唔啱。Each 配可數物件,唔配循環。
- 喺正式寫作攞 a pop 嚟用。佢喺餐車度好掂,喺論文裏面好差。
- 唔記得 every 後面需要一個數字或者一個固定嘅時間詞。「Every two days」、「every Monday」、「every other day」—— 但唔係「every day in two」。
- 用 for 而唔係 per。「Two dollars for hour」應該係「two dollars per hour」或者「two dollars an hour」。
- 同朋友隨意傾偈時講 apiece。佢文法啱,但可以聽落有少少老派。用 each 或者 a pop 代替。
迷你練習
揀最自然嘅字眼 —— per、each、every、apiece、a pop 或者 a / an —— 並且填空。
- These cupcakes are three dollars ______, so a dozen comes to thirty-six.
- Take this medicine ______ six hours, up to four times ______ day.
- The car is supposed to get about thirty miles ______ gallon on the highway.
- We bought five concert tickets at fifty bucks ______, which felt steep but worth it.
- Rent here is about one thousand four hundred dollars ______ month, plus utilities.
總結
Per 係正式、全能嘅主力;each 係佢嘅日常口語孖生;every 引入循環同間隔;apiece 稍為舊式而帶少少書面味;a pop 隨意、親切,喺口語裏面好自然;a / an 喺對話裏面悄悄噉處理速度、價錢同比率。將個字配返個場合 —— 圖表、發票、超級市場、餐車 —— 你嘅比率就會聽落似英文,而唔似翻譯。規則好短,但揀啱個字就令你講嘅每個數字都聽落自然。
想喺真實考試句子裏面練習數字、量詞同單位?喺 ExamRift 開始練習。
