點樣講出輕微受傷:bruise、sprain、strain、cut、swelling
形容受傷嘅英文好重要,因為受傷通常喺你已經好緊張嘅時候發生。你可能要喺公司解釋發生咗咩事、向室友攞冰、形容運動損傷,或者向診所講清楚邊度痛。啱用嘅字眼可以幫人哋明白你係撞親隻腳、扭親腳眼、拉親肌肉、割親手指,定係有越嚟越嚴重嘅腫脹。
形容受傷嘅日常用語,唔係要聽落似個醫生。佢係要畀到一個清晰嘅畫面:個動作、身體部位、睇得到嘅問題、嗰種感覺,同你而家做唔做到啲咩。
重點分辨
bruise(瘀傷)係皮膚畀人打或者受壓之後出現嘅一個深色印。佢喺癒合過程中可能會睇落藍、紫、綠、黃或者黑。你可以講「I have a bruise on my knee」(我膝頭有塊瘀),或者「My knee is bruised」(我膝頭瘀咗)。
sprain(扭傷)係關節嘅損傷,通常由扭曲引起。腳眼、手腕同膝頭都常見會扭傷。當關節扭親、又痛又腫,可以講「I sprained my ankle」(我扭親腳眼)。
strain(拉傷)係肌肉或者肌腱嘅損傷,通常由過度拉扯或者過度使用引起。人哋通常會講「I strained my back」(我拉親個背),或者「I pulled a muscle」(我拉親條肌肉)。喺日常用語入面,pulled a muscle 好常用。
cut(割傷)係皮膚畀利器整開咗一道口。細嘅割傷可能要貼膠布。深嘅割傷可能要睇醫生。
swelling(腫脹)係指一個身體部位因為受傷、刺激或者積液而變大。你可以講「My ankle is swollen」(我腳眼腫咗),或者「There is some swelling around the cut」(道傷口周圍有啲腫)。
核心字詞同短語
- bruise:受撞擊之後出現嘅深色印,即瘀傷
- bruised:瘀咗
- sprain:關節因扭曲而受嘅傷,即扭傷
- sprained ankle:扭親而受傷嘅腳眼
- strain:肌肉或者肌腱嘅損傷,即拉傷
- pulled muscle:肌肉拉傷嘅日常講法
- cut:皮膚上一道開口,即割傷
- scrape:畀粗糙表面擦走皮膚,即擦傷
- scratch:利物造成嘅一條幼細痕跡,即抓痕
- swelling:傷口周圍變大,即腫脹
- swollen:腫大過正常
- tender:一掂就痛
- throbbing:好似脈搏咁一跳一跳嘅痛
- bleeding:流緊血
- bandage:包住傷口嘅嘢,即繃帶
- ice pack:用嚟消腫嘅冰袋
- limping:因為痛而行得一拐一拐
- twisted:將關節扭錯方向
- bumped:輕輕撞親啲嘢
- deep cut:割得好入肉嘅傷口
- minor injury:唔嚴重嘅傷
- range of motion:關節郁動嘅幅度
自然搭配
用 get a bruise、have a bruise 同 be bruised。「I got a bruise on my arm.」(我隻手臂瘀咗。)「My shin is bruised from the table.」(我隻小腿撞咗張枱,瘀咗。)
用 sprain 配關節:sprain an ankle、sprain a wrist、sprain a knee。喺對話入面,過去式好常用:「I sprained my wrist when I fell.」(我跌親嗰陣扭親手腕。)
用 strain 或者 pull 配肌肉:strain your back、pull a hamstring、pull a shoulder muscle。「I think I pulled a muscle lifting that box.」(我諗我抬嗰個箱嗰陣拉親條肌肉。)
用 cut 配利器,用 scrape 配粗糙表面。「I cut my finger with a knife.」(我用刀割親手指。)「I scraped my elbow when I fell on the sidewalk.」(我喺行人路跌親,擦損咗手踭。)
用 swollen 配受傷嘅身體部位:a swollen ankle、a swollen finger、my knee is swollen。形容痛楚,可以講 a sharp pain(尖銳嘅痛)、a dull ache(隱隱嘅痛)、a throbbing pain(一跳一跳嘅痛),或者 it hurts when I put weight on it(我一踩落去就痛)。
例句
「I bumped my hip on the counter, and now I have a bruise.」(我隻屁股撞咗櫃枱,而家瘀咗一塊。)
「My ankle is swollen because I twisted it on the stairs.」(我腳眼腫咗,因為我喺樓梯度扭親。)
「I sprained my wrist, so it hurts to hold anything heavy.」(我扭親手腕,所以攞重嘢都痛。)
「I think I strained my lower back while moving furniture.」(我諗我搬傢俬嗰陣拉親下背。)
「She pulled a muscle during soccer practice.」(佢喺足球練習嗰陣拉親條肌肉。)
「I cut my finger while chopping vegetables.」(我切菜嗰陣割親手指。)
「The cut is small, but it is still bleeding.」(道傷口好細,但仲流緊血。)
「He scraped his knee when he fell off his bike.」(佢踩單車跌咗落嚟,擦損咗膝頭。)
「My toe is tender, but I can still walk.」(我隻腳趾一掂就痛,但我仲行得。)
「I'm limping because it hurts to put weight on my left foot.」(我行得一拐一拐,因為我隻左腳一踩落去就痛。)
形容發生咗咩事
一段有用嘅受傷解釋通常會跟住呢個句式:
I + 動作 + 身體部位 + when / while + 情況。
「I twisted my ankle while running downhill.」(我落斜跑嗰陣扭親腳眼。)
「I cut my thumb when I opened a can.」(我開罐頭嗰陣割親隻拇指。)
「I bumped my head on the cabinet door.」(我個頭撞咗櫃門。)
「I scraped my knee when I slipped on the sidewalk.」(我喺行人路滑親,擦損咗膝頭。)
跟住加上你而家留意到啲咩:
「It is swollen around the outside of the ankle.」(腳眼外側周圍腫咗。)
「It hurts when I bend it.」(我屈佢嗰陣會痛。)
「The bruise is getting darker.」(塊瘀越嚟越深色。)
「The bleeding has mostly stopped.」(個血大致上止咗。)
「I can move it, but not all the way.」(我郁得佢,但郁唔晒成個幅度。)
呢個次序好清晰:先講發生咗咩事,再講而家係咩傷,跟住講佢點影響郁動。
講嚴重程度
形容一個細傷,用 minor(輕微)、not too bad(唔算太差)或者 a little sore(有少少痛)。「It's just a minor scrape.」(只係輕微擦損啫。)「My wrist is a little sore, but I can move it.」(我手腕有少少痛,但仲郁得。)
形容比較嚴重嘅嘢,用 bad(嚴重)、deep(深)、very swollen(好腫)、hard to move(好難郁),或者 I can't put weight on it(我踩唔到落去)。「The cut is pretty deep.」(道傷口幾深。)「My ankle is very swollen, and I can't put weight on it.」(我腳眼好腫,踩唔到落去。)
如果你需要幫手,要講得直接:「Can you bring me an ice pack?」(可唔可以攞個冰袋畀我?)「Do you have a bandage?」(你有冇繃帶?)「I think I should get this checked.」(我諗我應該畀人睇下。)「Can you drive me to urgent care?」(可唔可以揸車載我去急症診所?)
學習者常犯嘅錯誤
唔好講「I got a blue」。要講「I got a bruise」或者「I have a bruise」。顏色可以係描述嘅一部分:「The bruise is turning purple.」(塊瘀變緊紫色。)
唔好咩傷都用 sprain。扭親嘅腳眼可能係 sprain。抬完嘢之後嘅肌肉痠痛就更可能係 strain 或者 pulled muscle。
當你想講而家嘅狀態,唔好講「My ankle is swelling」。要講「My ankle is swollen」。當個尺寸正在變大,先用「It is swelling up」。
避免講「I injured in my hand」。要講「I injured my hand」或者「I hurt my hand」。
唔好混淆 scar 同 scratch。Scratch 係一道新嘅幼細損傷。Scar 係傷口癒合之後留低嘅疤痕。
簡短練習
揀最啱嘅字:bruise、sprain、strain、cut、scrape 或者 swelling。
- 你隻手臂撞咗門,出現咗個紫色印。
- 你落樓梯級嗰陣扭親腳眼。
- 你抬完一個重行李喼之後下背痛。
- 一把刀整開咗你手指嘅皮膚。
- 你喺粗糙嘅路面跌親,擦走咗膝頭嘅皮。
可能嘅答案:
- 「I have a bruise on my arm.」(我隻手臂瘀咗一塊。)
- 「I think I sprained my ankle.」(我諗我扭親腳眼。)
- 「I strained my lower back」(我拉親下背)或者「I pulled a muscle」(我拉親條肌肉)。
- 「I cut my finger.」(我割親手指。)
- 「I scraped my knee.」(我擦損咗膝頭。)
形容受傷嘅時候,要將件事講得簡短而有用。講出發生咗咩事、講出受傷嘅身體部位、形容你睇到啲乜,再解釋而家邊啲郁動或者活動有困難。
