仲食唔食得？形容食物新鮮度同安全嘅狀況詞彙

形容食物狀況嘅詞語，幫你傾下一種食物食唔食得、安唔安全、好唔好食，或者係咪過咗最佳狀態。呢啲係日常英文，但喺實際場合都好重要：買生果、檢查剩餸、煮肉、退一件壞咗嘅貨，又或者解釋你點解唔想食一啲嘢。如果你淨係識 good 同 bad，你可能會聽落唔清唔楚。如果你識 raw、ripe、stale、spoiled、undercooked、overripe 同 moldy，你就可以形容到準確嘅問題。

呢啲詞語仲有用，係因為食物嘅狀況往往影響安全。講「The chicken is raw in the middle」會比講「The chicken is soft」嚴重。講「The bread is stale」同講「The bread is moldy」唔同。Stale 嘅麵包可能安全但唔好食；Moldy 嘅麵包通常應該掉咗佢。

食得、未食得，定係唔再食得

Raw 解未煮熟。生菜（raw vegetables）係正常嘅。生魚喺某啲菜式入面可能正常。生雞（raw chicken）就唔安全。當煮嘅過程未發生、或者未去到中心嗰陣，就用 raw。

Undercooked 解部分煮熟，但未夠熟。一個蛋糕可以中間 undercooked。意粉如果太硬就可能 undercooked。肉如果未去到預期嘅熟度，就可能 undercooked。

Cooked through 解完全煮熟到中心。呢個短語用嚟形容雞、魚、蛋、薯仔同烘焙食品都好有用。「Is the chicken cooked through?」係一個正常嘅廚房問題。

Overcooked 解煮得太耐。Overcooked 嘅蔬菜可能會 mushy。Overcooked 嘅雞可能會 dry。Overcooked 嘅意粉可能會太軟。

Ripe 解生果成熟、食得。一隻 ripe 嘅香蕉甜而且夠軟。一個 ripe 嘅牛油果撳落會微微凹陷。Unripe 解仲未食得。Overripe 解過咗最佳階段，通常太軟、太甜，或者變咗啡色。

Fresh 解啱啱整好、摘落、開封或者買返嚟，氣味、顏色同質感都好。Fresh 嘅麵包聞起嚟香，質感令人愉快。Fresh 嘅香草睇落青綠而有生氣。

Stale 解唔再新鮮，通常乾、硬、淡口或者有種陳舊嘅味。麵包、餅乾、薯片、穀物麥片同曲奇都可以 stale。咖啡如果失咗香氣，食落都可以 stale。

Spoiled 解食物變壞咗，可能唔安全。Spoiled 嘅奶聞起嚟酸。Spoiled 嘅肉可能聞起嚟難頂、摸落黏，或者變咗色。Rotten 語氣更強，通常用嚟形容生果、蔬菜、蛋同氣味。

Moldy 解食物上面生緊霉。Moldy 嘅麵包有毛茸茸嘅斑點。Moldy 嘅芝士同藍芝士唔同，除非啲霉本身係嗰種產品嘅一部分。

Expired 解過咗包裝上面印嘅日期。人哋可能會講「This yogurt is expired」。一個較正式嘅講法係 past its expiration date。

核心詞彙同自然搭配詞

Raw 同 meat、chicken、fish、egg、vegetables、dough 搭配。「The dough is still raw in the center」解佢需要焗耐啲。

Undercooked 同 pasta、rice、chicken、cake、potatoes、eggs 搭配。「The rice is undercooked」解啲米仲太硬。

Cooked through 同 chicken、pork、fish、potatoes、casserole 搭配。「Bake it until the potatoes are cooked through.」

Overcooked 同 steak、pasta、vegetables、fish、eggs 搭配。「The broccoli is overcooked and mushy.」

Ripe 同 banana、avocado、tomato、peach、mango、melon 搭配。「These peaches are ripe and juicy.」

Unripe 同 fruit、banana、avocado、tomato、pear 搭配。「The avocado is still unripe, so wait a day.」

Overripe 同 banana、fruit、peach、melon、tomato 搭配。「Overripe bananas are good for banana bread.」

Fresh 同 bread、produce、herbs、fish、eggs、salad 搭配。「Do you have any fresh cilantro?」

Stale 同 bread、crackers、chips、cereal、cookies、coffee 搭配。「The chips went stale because the bag was left open.」

Spoiled 同 milk、meat、leftovers、food、sauce 搭配。「I think the leftovers spoiled in the fridge.」

Rotten 同 fruit、vegetables、eggs、smell、wood 搭配。「One rotten apple made the whole bag smell bad.」

Moldy 同 bread、cheese、leftovers、fruit、container 搭配。「This container has moldy leftovers in it.」

Slimy 同 lettuce、spinach、mushrooms、meat、texture 搭配。「The spinach feels slimy, so I would not use it.」

Bruised 同 apples、bananas、peaches、pears、fruit 搭配。「The apple is bruised, but you can cut that part off.」

Wilted 同 lettuce、greens、herbs、flowers、salad 搭配。「The cilantro is wilted, but it is not spoiled.」

Crisp 同 lettuce、apples、cucumbers、crackers、texture 搭配。「The lettuce is crisp and fresh.」

Soggy 同 bread、fries、cereal、salad、bottom 搭配。「The fries got soggy in the takeout box.」

Dry 同 chicken、cake、bread、rice、texture 搭配。「The cake is a little dry.」

Moist 同 cake、crumbs、turkey、texture、towel 搭配。講食物嗰陣，moist 用嚟形容烘焙食品同某啲肉通常係正面嘅。

Tender 同 meat、chicken、vegetables、texture 搭配。「Cook the beef until it is tender.」

喺真實場合形容食物

喺超級市場，狀況詞語幫你揀更好嘅食物。你可以講「These bananas are too green. I need ripe ones for today.」如果你買牛油果，你可以問「Are these ripe enough to eat tonight?」買葉菜嗰陣，你可以睇下佢哋係 crisp 定 wilted。

喺廚房，呢啲詞語幫你解決問題。「The potatoes are not cooked through yet」清清楚楚話畀人知咩需要多啲時間。「The sauce looks fine, but it smells sour」警告佢可能變壞咗。「The chicken is raw near the bone」解佢必須返入焗爐。

喺餐廳，有禮貌咁用狀況詞語。「I am sorry, but this burger is undercooked」清楚而恰當。「The bread tastes stale」會比「This bread is bad」好。如果你唔肯定，可以講「Could you check whether this is cooked through?」

例句

「This banana is still unripe. It is too firm and not sweet yet.」

「The avocado is ripe, so we should use it today.」

「The bread is stale, but we can still make toast with it.」

「The milk smells sour. I think it has spoiled.」

「The lettuce is wilted, not crisp.」

「The chicken looks cooked on the outside, but it is raw in the middle.」

「The pasta is undercooked. It needs two more minutes.」

「The vegetables are overcooked and mushy.」

「The strawberries are moldy, so throw them away.」

「The cake is moist in the center and slightly crisp on top.」

學習者常犯嘅錯誤

唔好用 raw 形容仲未食得嘅生果。要講 unripe，唔好講 raw：「The mango is unripe.」

唔好咩舊食物都用 rotten。Stale 嘅麵包唔係 rotten。Wilted 嘅生菜唔一定 rotten。Rotten 解一種更嚴重嘅腐壞。

形容餐廳食物嗰陣，唔好講「the food is expired」，除非有一個包裝日期。形容煮熟嘅食物，要講 spoiled、old、stale，或者 no longer fresh。

唔好混淆 crispy 同 crisp。Crisp 通常形容新鮮嘅生果或者生菜。Crispy 通常形容表面乾、脆口嘅煮熟食物，例如炸雞或者烤薯仔。

用 moist 嗰陣要小心。佢用嚟形容蛋糕同某啲煮熟嘅肉好常見，但喺其他語境聽落可能怪。「Moist cake」係自然嘅；「moist salad」就唔自然。

唔好忽略形容氣味嘅詞語。如果食物聞起嚟酸（sour）、酸餿（rancid）或者唔對路（off），呢點往往比佢個樣更重要。「It smells off」係一個自然嘅短語，解聞起嚟唔對路、可能變壞咗。

簡短練習

睇下你個廚房，或者諗下你經常買嘅五種食物。為每一種形容你想要嘅狀況：ripe bananas、crisp lettuce、fresh bread、cooked-through chicken，或者 tender potatoes。

改寫呢啲唔清晰嘅句子：

「The apple is bad.」
「The rice is not ready.」
「The bread is old.」
「The chicken is too cooked.」
「The milk is strange.」

然後練習一句餐廳句子：「I am sorry, but this seems _____. Could you check it?」試下 undercooked、stale、spoiled，或者 not cooked through。