唔好再淨係講「Cook It」:boil、steam、fry、grill、roast 同 bake

唔好再淨係講「Cook It」:boil、steam、fry、grill、roast 同 bake

烹調動詞可以幫你解釋食物發生咗咩事、你想啲食物點樣處理,以及點解一道菜會係咁嘅味道或者口感。喺日常英文入面,人哋唔淨止講「cook the chicken」(煮隻雞)或者「make the vegetables」(整啲菜)。佢哋會講「roast the chicken」(焗隻雞)、「steam the broccoli」(蒸西蘭花)、「fry the egg」(煎隻蛋)或者「boil the pasta」(烚意粉)。每個動詞都畀到有用嘅資訊,關於火候、水分、油、表面顏色同口感。

呢啲字喺屋企、喺餐廳、同室友相處、睇烹飪片,以及睇食譜嘅時候都好有用。佢哋亦都幫你描述失誤:未煮熟嘅飯、煮過火嘅菜、燶咗嘅多士,或者乾巴巴嘅肉。

點解呢個技巧重要

烹飪充滿細微嘅分別。如果你講「I cooked it in water」(我用水煮咗佢),聽者可能唔知你係快速烚咗佢、慢慢煨咗佢,定係喺水面上蒸咗佢。如果你講「I fried it」(我煎/炸咗佢),聽者就會聯想到油、一隻熱鑊同一個香脆表面。清楚嘅烹調動詞令你嘅解釋更短,亦更準確。

呢個技巧亦都幫你講出你想要乜嘢。「Can you grill the chicken instead of frying it?」(你可唔可以燒隻雞而唔好煎佢?)係一個清楚嘅要求。「I prefer steamed vegetables」(我比較鍾意蒸菜)聽落自然。「The potatoes were roasted until crispy」(啲薯仔焗到香脆)畀到一個清晰嘅結果畫面。

重要分別

當食物喺強烈滾動嘅水或者其他液體入面煮,就用 boil。意粉、蛋、薯仔同餃子都可以烚(boiled)。

當液體好熱但只係輕輕咁滾,就用 simmer。湯、醬汁同燉菜經常會煨(simmer)。Boiling 比較強烈;simmering 比較溫和。

當食物靠熱蒸氣(通常喺水面上)煮熟,就用 steam。蒸出嚟嘅食物通常會保持濕潤同軟身。

當食物喺熱油或者油脂入面煮,就用 fryPan-fry 喺鑊入面用少量油。Deep-fry 用足夠浸住食物嘅油。

當食物喺直火上面(通常喺燒烤架上)煮,就用 grill。燒出嚟嘅食物可能有燒烤紋同煙燻味。

當食物喺焗爐入面以乾熱煮,通常喺相當高溫,就用 roast。肉同蔬菜經常會用 roast。

當食物喺焗爐入面以乾熱煮,尤其係麵包、蛋糕、曲奇、焗菜同某啲魚或者薯仔,就用 bake。Roast 通常暗示上色同鹹味菜式;bake 嘅範圍較闊,常用於麵糰或者麵糊。

核心詞彙同短語

  • boil:喺強烈滾動嘅液體入面煮。
  • simmer:喺熱液體入面溫和咁煮。
  • steam:用熱蒸氣煮。
  • fry:喺熱油入面煮。
  • pan-fry:喺鑊入面用少少油煎。
  • deep-fry:完全浸喺油入面炸。
  • grill:喺直火上面煮。
  • roast:用乾爐熱煮,通常煮到上色。
  • bake:喺焗爐入面以乾熱煮。
  • saute:用少少油快速咁兜炒。
  • stir-fry:將細粒嘅食物喺猛火上快速兜炒。
  • broil:喺焗爐入面以強烈直火煮(即面火燒)。
  • preheat:放食物入去之前先預熱焗爐。
  • season:加鹽、香料、香草或者調味。
  • marinate:煮之前將食物浸喺有味嘅液體入面(醃)。
  • flip:將食物反轉一次。
  • stir:用匙或者鑊鏟攪動食物。
  • drain:去除多餘嘅液體。
  • crisp:令某樣嘢變得結實同帶少少脆,或者變成咁。
  • brown:表面因為受熱而變深色。
  • burn:煮得太耐,煮到變黑或者變苦(燶)。
  • undercook:煮得太少(未夠熟)。
  • overcook:煮得太耐(過火)。

自然搭配

常見嘅組合令你嘅英文聽落更自然:

  • boil water(煲水)
  • boil pasta(烚意粉)
  • hard-boil eggs(烚蛋至全熟)
  • simmer soup(煨湯)
  • simmer over low heat(用細火煨)
  • steam vegetables(蒸菜)
  • fry an egg(煎蛋)
  • pan-fry fish(煎魚)
  • deep-fry potatoes(炸薯仔)
  • grill chicken(燒雞)
  • grill over medium heat(用中火燒)
  • roast vegetables(焗蔬菜)
  • roast until golden(焗到金黃色)
  • bake bread(焗麵包)
  • bake at 350 degrees(用 350 度焗)
  • preheat the oven(預熱焗爐)
  • season with salt and pepper(用鹽同胡椒調味)
  • marinate overnight(醃過夜)
  • stir occasionally(不時攪拌)
  • drain the noodles(隔走麵嘅水)
  • cook until tender(煮到腍)
  • cook until crispy(煮到香脆)

例句

「I boiled the potatoes until they were soft, then mashed them with butter.」(我將啲薯仔烚到腍,然後加牛油搓成薯蓉。)

「Let the sauce simmer for twenty minutes so the flavor becomes richer.」(畀個醬汁煨二十分鐘,等個味道更濃。)

「I steamed the broccoli because I wanted it tender but not oily.」(我蒸咗西蘭花,因為我想佢腍但唔油膩。)

「She fried the egg sunny-side up and served it on toast.」(佢煎咗隻太陽蛋,放喺多士上面。)

「We grilled the corn until it had dark marks on the outside.」(我哋燒粟米,燒到外面有深色嘅紋。)

「The carrots were roasted with olive oil, garlic, and rosemary.」(啲甘筍同橄欖油、蒜頭同迷迭香一齊焗。)

「He baked the salmon with lemon slices on top.」(佢焗咗三文魚,面頭放咗檸檬片。)

「The chicken was overcooked, so it came out dry.」(隻雞煮過咗火,所以出嚟乾巴巴。)

「Please preheat the oven before you put the bread in.」(放麵包入去之前請預熱焗爐。)

「Drain the pasta, but save a little of the cooking water for the sauce.」(隔走意粉嘅水,但留少少煮麵水嚟整醬汁。)

描述真實情況

描述烹飪嘅時候,要提到方法、火候、時間同結果。一句有力嘅句子通常會回答四條問題:你煮咗咩?你點樣煮佢?煮咗幾耐,或者煮到出現咩變化?結果係點?

弱:「I made vegetables.」(我整咗啲菜。)

較好:「I roasted the vegetables with olive oil until the edges were browned.」(我用橄欖油焗啲菜,焗到邊位上色。)

弱:「The noodles were bad.」(啲麵唔好。)

較好:「The noodles were overcooked and too soft.」(啲麵煮過咗火,太腍。)

弱:「I used hot water.」(我用咗熱水。)

較好:「I boiled the dumplings for eight minutes, then drained them.」(我烚咗啲餃八分鐘,然後隔走水。)

你亦都可以描述偏好。「I like grilled chicken better than fried chicken because it feels lighter.」(我鍾意燒雞多過炸雞,因為佢感覺冇咁膩。)「I prefer steamed vegetables with a little salt.」(我比較鍾意加少少鹽嘅蒸菜。)「Roasted potatoes are crispier than boiled potatoes.」(焗薯仔比烚薯仔脆。)

學習者常犯嘅錯誤

當需要一個更具體嘅動詞嘅時候,唔好乜嘢方法都用 cook。「I cooked eggs」係啱嘅,但「I fried the eggs」畀到更清楚嘅資訊。

唔好講 boil in oil。食物通常係喺油入面 fry。液體先會 boil;油可以變熱,但喺正常嘅烹飪英文入面,我哋講「fry in oil」。

唔好混淆 bakeroast。你會 bake 曲奇、麵包、蛋糕同好多焗菜。你通常會 roast 雞、薯仔、甘筍同其他鹹味食物。有啲食物兩個字都可以用,但感覺會變:「baked chicken」聽落樸素;「roasted chicken」暗示上色同更濃郁嘅味道。

唔好講 open the oven heat。要講 preheat the oventurn on the oven,或者 set the oven to 400 degrees

唔好講 the food is burn。要講 the food is burnt 或者 the food burned

唔好講 fry without oil,除非你真係指一隻乾鑊。視乎方法,講 pan-seargrill,或者 cook in a dry pan

短練習

用一個自然嘅烹調動詞或者短語完成每句句子。

  1. I need to _____ water before I add the pasta.
  2. The soup should _____ gently for another ten minutes.
  3. We _____ the vegetables in the oven until the edges were brown.
  4. She _____ the fish in a little oil, not in a deep fryer.
  5. Please _____ the oven to 375 degrees.
  6. The rice is still hard, so it is _____.

而家描述一餐你最近煮嘅飯。包括烹調方法、火候、時間同結果。例如:「I pan-fried tofu over medium heat until the outside was crisp, then added it to rice and vegetables.」(我用中火煎豆腐,煎到外面脆,然後加入飯同菜。)