點樣用英文描述衫物嘅問題
衫物問題相關嘅生字，可以幫你解釋一件衫物有咩出咗問題。退貨返舖頭、搵裁縫幫手、描述洗衣造成嘅損壞，或者決定一件衫、一件褸或者一條褲仲著唔著得嗰陣，呢啲字都好有用。與其講「This is bad」，你可以講佢 stained、torn、faded、stretched out、shrunk、wrinkled、pilling，或者 coming apart at the seam。
好嘅衫物描述要具體。衫領附近一個細污漬，同衫袖一個大撕裂係兩回事。一件洗衫之後縮咗水嘅恤衫，同一件本身一直都太緊嘅恤衫亦唔同。當你清楚講出個問題，聽嘅人就可以明白成因、嚴重程度，同可行嘅解決方法。
重點分辨
Stained 指畀一啲好難清走嘅嘢整污糟，例如咖啡、油、墨水或者化妝品。污漬通常係講布料上面嘅顏色或者污垢。
Torn 指布料因為被扯、被勾住或者被弄壞而有一個裂口或者窿。撕裂可能細細、補得返，亦可能大到令件衫物冇得用。
Faded 指顏色變淡咗，多數係因為洗滌、日曬或者年代久遠。褪色嘅衫物可能仲著得，但睇落舊咗。
Shrunk 指件衫物變細咗，通常係洗或者烘之後。一件冷衫可能喺長度、衫袖，或者整體尺碼上面縮水。
Stretched out 指件衫物變大咗或者走咗樣。領口、袖口、褲頭同褲膝位通常會鬆掉變形。
Worn out 指因為長期使用而受損。一件殘舊嘅衫物可能多處變薄、褪色、鬆掉或者變脆弱。
核心詞彙同短語
- stain：一個污糟或者有顏色、好難清走嘅痕跡（污漬）
- spot：一個細細嘅痕跡
- spill：意外整跌喺衫物上面嘅液體
- rip：布料上面嘅一個撕裂
- hole：布料唔見咗、出現一個窿
- loose thread：一條由布料度吊出嚟嘅線
- frayed edge：有鬆散纖維嘅邊（散口嘅邊）
- seam：兩塊布縫埋一齊嗰條線（車骨）
- split seam：一條爆開咗嘅車骨
- loose button：一粒釘得唔牢嘅鈕扣
- missing button：一粒跌咗、唔見咗嘅鈕扣
- broken zipper：一條壞咗、用唔到嘅拉鏈
- snag：一條被扯出嚟嘅線，多數出現喺針織布料
- pilling：表面起咗一粒粒嘅纖維球（起粒）
- wrinkled：有好多摺痕
- creased：有一條摺線
- shrunk：因為洗或者烘而變細（縮水）
- stretched out：變鬆同走樣
- faded：冇之前咁鮮色（褪色）
- worn out：因為使用而受損（殘舊）
自然搭配用法
可以用 a coffee stain、an oil stain、a small tear、a ripped sleeve、a hole in the pocket、a loose button、a missing button、a broken zipper、a frayed hem、a split seam、faded jeans、stretched-out cuffs、a shrunk sweater、wrinkled fabric，同 worn-out knees。
動詞可以用 spill、tear、rip、fade、shrink、stretch、wrinkle、fray、come off、come apart、fix、mend、sew，同 replace。
「I spilled coffee on my shirt.」
「The button came off in the wash.」
「The sleeve ripped when it caught on the door handle.」
「The fabric is starting to pill.」
「The hem is coming apart.」
呢啲搭配好實用，因為衫物問題好多時涉及位置、成因同維修。講出發生咗咩事、喺邊度發生，同埋要做啲乜。
例句
「There is a small stain near the collar.」
「The jeans are faded at the knees.」
「This sweater shrank in the dryer, so the sleeves are too short.」
「The waistband has stretched out and does not fit anymore.」
「One button is loose, and another one is missing.」
「The zipper is stuck halfway up.」
「The seam under the arm is coming apart.」
「The edge of the scarf is fraying.」
「This black shirt has faded after many washes.」
「The coat is warm, but the lining is torn.」
描述位置同嚴重程度
描述一個衫物問題嘅時候，加埋確實嘅位置。用 on、near、at，同 in。
「There is a stain on the front.」
「The tear is near the pocket.」
「The seam split at the shoulder.」
「There is a hole in the lining.」
跟住描述嚴重程度。一個問題可以係 tiny、small、noticeable、large、deep、minor、serious，或者 hard to fix。
「It is only a tiny spot, so I can still wear it.」
「The tear is large and very noticeable.」
「The zipper problem is minor, but it needs repair.」
「The fabric is too worn out to mend.」
呢樣可以幫聽嘅人知道件物品可唔可以清潔、維修、退貨，或者更換。
維修同保養嘅用語
有啲問題要清潔。有啲要縫補或者更換。用 wash out、spot-clean、treat the stain、dry-clean、mend、patch、hem、sew on a button，同 replace the zipper。
「Can this stain be removed?」
「I need to sew the button back on.」
「The tailor can mend the tear.」
「The pants need to be hemmed.」
「The zipper has to be replaced.」
講到洗衣造成嘅問題，將結果同成因扣埋一齊。「The sweater shrank because I put it in the dryer.」「The black shirt faded because I washed it too often in hot water.」「The collar stretched out after many washes.」
學習者常犯嘅錯誤
唔好講「There is a dirty on my shirt」。應該講「There is a stain on my shirt」或者「My shirt is dirty」。
唔好溝亂 tear 同 wear。Tear 係布料上面一個撕裂。Wear 係長時間嘅使用。「The knees are worn out」意思係褲膝位因為使用而變脆弱。
唔好講「The button dropped」。應該講「The button came off」或者「The button fell off」。
當洗衣造成問題嘅時候，唔好講「My shirt became small」。應該講「My shirt shrank in the wash」。
唔好用 broken 嚟形容每一個衫物問題。拉鏈可以係 broken，但布料通常係 torn、stained、faded、frayed，或者 worn out。
實用示範段落
I wanted to wear my navy shirt to dinner, but it has several problems now. There is a small oil stain on the front, and the color has faded after many washes. One cuff is stretched out, and a button near the collar is loose. The fabric still feels comfortable, but the shirt no longer looks polished. I might wear it at home, but I would not wear it to a nice restaurant unless I can treat the stain and sew the button back on.
衫物問題相關嘅生字，當佢哋將問題連繫到一個實際決定嗰陣，就最有用。講出損壞係咩、喺邊度、有幾嚴重，再講件物品可唔可以清潔、維修、退貨，或者只可以喺輕鬆場合先著得。