Bahasa Inggeris Perubatan untuk Masalah Perut: Sakit, Cirit-birit, Muntah, Loya
Artikel ini mengajar komunikasi Bahasa Inggeris untuk situasi penjagaan kesihatan. Ia bukan diagnosis perubatan atau nasihat rawatan. Jika anda muntah darah, mengeluarkan najis hitam atau berdarah, mengalami sakit perut yang teruk dengan demam tinggi, keliru, sedang mengandung dengan sakit perut bawah yang teruk, tidak dapat menahan sebarang cecair, atau menunjukkan tanda dehidrasi (mulut kering, pening, kencing yang sangat sedikit), dapatkan bantuan perubatan atau hubungi 911 dengan segera.
Apabila bercakap tentang simptom perut dalam Bahasa Inggeris, dua perangkap adalah lazim: menggunakan "stomach" untuk seluruh abdomen dan kabur tentang lokasi dan ciri kesakitan. Bahasa Inggeris klinikal lebih tepat: upper abdomen, lower abdomen, around the belly button — serta penerang seperti "dull," "sharp," dan "cramping." Jika anda boleh menamakan lokasi, ciri, kekerapan, dan pencetus, anda menjimatkan banyak soal jawab berulang.
Perbendaharaan Kata Teras
| Term | Maksud | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| stomachache | sakit perut umum (tidak rasmi) | I've had a stomachache since this morning. |
| abdominal pain | istilah klinikal untuk sakit perut | I have abdominal pain in the lower right side. |
| upper abdomen | perut bahagian atas | The pain is in my upper abdomen. |
| lower abdomen | perut bahagian bawah | I have cramping in my lower abdomen. |
| nausea | rasa seperti hendak muntah | I've been feeling nauseous all day. |
| vomiting | muntah | I vomited twice last night. |
| diarrhea | najis cair dan kerap | I've had diarrhea since yesterday. |
| constipation | najis jarang atau sukar dikeluarkan | I haven't had a bowel movement in four days. |
| bloating | rasa kembung atau penuh dengan gas | I feel really bloated after meals. |
| heartburn / acid reflux | rasa terbakar di belakang tulang dada | I get heartburn after spicy food. |
| cramping | kesakitan mencengkam seperti gelombang | The pain comes in cramps. |
| sharp pain | kesakitan menikam, terlokasi dengan jelas | It's a sharp pain on my right side. |
| dull pain | kesakitan menyakitkan yang berterusan | It's a dull, constant ache. |
| stool / bowel movement | keluaran usus | My stool has been very loose. |
| food poisoning | penyakit akibat makanan tercemar | I think it might be food poisoning. |
Frasa Wajib Tahu
- The pain is in my [upper / lower / right / left] abdomen.
- It's a [sharp / dull / cramping / burning] pain.
- The pain comes and goes.
- The pain is constant.
- It's worse after eating.
- I haven't been able to keep food down.
- I've had diarrhea about [N] times today.
- My stool is [watery / loose / very dark / has blood in it]. — terangkan rupa jika berkaitan
- I vomited [N] times since [time]. It looked [yellow / green / had blood in it].
- I might have eaten something bad — I had [food] last night.
- I'm pregnant / I might be pregnant. — penting: menjejaskan pemilihan ubat
- I'm taking [medication] for [condition].
Ungkapan Janggal berbanding Semula Jadi
| Kurang semula jadi | Lebih semula jadi |
|---|---|
| My stomach is broken. | I have a stomachache. / I'm having stomach trouble. |
| I throw out a lot. | I've been vomiting a lot. / I've thrown up several times. |
| My poop is water. | My stool is watery. / I have watery diarrhea. |
| I want to vomit but I can't. | I feel nauseous. / I feel like I might throw up. |
| Stomach is full of gas. | I feel very bloated. |
| I cannot poop. | I haven't had a bowel movement in [N] days. |
Dialog Situasi
Latar: bilik pemeriksaan penjagaan mendesak
Provider: What brings you in today?
You: I've had abdominal pain and diarrhea since last night. I think it might be something I ate.
Provider: Where exactly is the pain?
You: Mostly in my lower abdomen, around here. It comes in cramps.
Provider: How many times have you had diarrhea today?
You: Maybe seven or eight times. It's been very watery.
Provider: Any blood in your stool? Any vomiting?
You: No blood that I noticed. I vomited twice last night, but not since this morning.
Provider: Have you been able to drink fluids?
You: Just sips. I'm worried about getting dehydrated.
Templat Ayat Boleh Tukar Ganti
- The pain is in my [LOCATION], and it [comes and goes / is constant].
- I've had [diarrhea / vomiting] about [N] times since [TIME].
- It got worse after I ate [FOOD] / after I took [MEDICATION].
- I [can / can't] keep fluids down.
- I'm allergic to [DRUG], and I [am / might be] pregnant.
Latihan
- Sebutkan ini dalam Bahasa Inggeris yang semula jadi: kesakitan mencengkam yang teruk di perut kanan bawah selama kira-kira 6 jam.
- Sebutkan ini dalam Bahasa Inggeris yang semula jadi: muntah tiga kali, dengan kesan darah pada kali kedua (dan ingat: darah sentiasa dilaporkan).
- Sebutkan ini dalam Bahasa Inggeris yang semula jadi: tiada pergerakan usus selama empat hari dan perut yang sangat kembung.
Jawapan Rujukan
- I have cramping pain in my lower right abdomen. It's been going on for about six hours.
- I've vomited three times. The second time, I noticed a little bit of blood in it.
- I haven't had a bowel movement in four days, and my stomach feels really bloated.
Ringkasan Pra-Lawatan Sedia Disalin
- Chief complaint: Abdominal pain and diarrhea
- Onset: Started last night around 10 pm (about 14 hours ago)
- Location: Lower abdomen, mostly central and right side
- Pain quality: Cramping, comes and goes, 6/10 at worst
- Diarrhea: ~8 episodes today, watery, no visible blood
- Vomiting: 2 times last night, none since morning
- Triggers: May have eaten undercooked seafood at dinner
- Fluids: Drinking sips of water and electrolyte drink, keeping most down
- Pregnancy: No / Yes (X weeks) / Possible — last period [date]
- Allergies: None / [list]
- Current meds: None / [list]
Catatan tentang Batas Perubatan
Artikel ini hanya untuk latihan komunikasi Bahasa Inggeris — jangan gunakannya untuk memutuskan sama ada anda "hanya" mengalami gastroenteritis. Jika anda muntah darah, mengeluarkan najis hitam seperti tar, melihat darah merah terang dalam najis anda, mengalami sakit perut yang teruk, demam tinggi, tidak dapat menahan sebarang cecair, jelas mengalami dehidrasi (mulut kering, pening, kencing yang sangat sedikit), atau sedang mengandung dengan sakit perut bawah yang teruk atau sebarang pendarahan, hubungi 911 atau pergi ke bilik kecemasan terdekat dengan segera.
Bacaan Berkaitan
Selesema, demam, batuk dalam Bahasa Inggeris, Alahan dalam Bahasa Inggeris, Kecederaan dalam Bahasa Inggeris.