Sejarah Perubatan Keluarga dalam Bahasa Inggeris: Penyakit Jantung, Kanser, Diabetes, dan Frasa Biasa Lain

"Any family history of heart disease or cancer?" hampir selalu menjadi salah satu soalan pertama yang ditanya oleh doktor baharu. Sejarah keluarga penting kerana ia membentuk pandangan doktor tentang risiko anda — tetapi apabila orang cuba menjawab, mereka biasanya tersekat pada tiga perkara: apa nama panggilan untuk setiap saudara, umur ketika penyakit bermula, dan sama ada orang itu masih hidup. Sediakan tiga slot itu, ditambah segelintir nama keadaan biasa dalam bahasa Inggeris, dan anda boleh menggambarkan salasilah keluarga anda dengan jelas.

Artikel ini mengajar komunikasi bahasa Inggeris untuk situasi penjagaan kesihatan. Ia bukan diagnosis perubatan atau nasihat rawatan. Untuk gejala kecemasan, hubungi perkhidmatan kecemasan atau perubatan tempatan anda.

Perbendaharaan Kata Asas

Rujukan Pantas: Istilah Keluarga

Doktor paling mengambil berat tentang immediate family anda (ibu bapa, adik-beradik, anak). Datuk dan nenek, mak cik, serta pak cik dikira sebagai extended family — mereka akan ditanya, tetapi dengan sedikit kurang penekanan.

Frasa Wajib Tahu

1. "There's [BLANK] in my family."
   • heart disease
   • diabetes
   • early-onset cancer
2. "It runs on my [paternal / maternal] side."
3. "My [relative] has [BLANK]."
   • My father has type 2 diabetes.
4. "My [relative] had [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."
   • My mother had breast cancer at 50.
5. "My [relative] passed away from [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."
   • My grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62.
6. "He / she is in remission."
7. "No one in my immediate family has [BLANK]."
8. "I'm not sure of the exact age, but it was [BLANK]."
   • in his early 60s
9. "I was adopted, so I don't know my biological family history."
10. "My family history is mostly cardiovascular."

Frasa Janggal lawan Frasa Semula Jadi

Dialog Situasi: Pendaftaran oleh Doktor Keluarga

Doctor: Let's go over your family history. Any heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or stroke in close family members?

You: Yes, several. My father has type 2 diabetes — he was diagnosed in his early 50s. He also has high blood pressure.

Doctor: And on your mother's side?

You: My mother had breast cancer at 50. She had surgery and chemo, and she's been in remission for about ten years now.

Doctor: Anyone with heart attacks or strokes?

You: My paternal grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62. My maternal grandmother had a stroke in her 70s but recovered.

Doctor: Any siblings with health issues?

You: My older brother has high cholesterol but is on medication. My younger sister is healthy.

Doctor: Thanks. Given your family history, we'll keep an eye on your blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol.

Templat Ayat yang Boleh Digantikan

1. "My [relative] has [BLANK]."
   • My father has type 2 diabetes.
2. "My [relative] had [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."
   • My aunt had colon cancer at 60.
3. "My [relative] passed away from [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."
   • My grandfather passed away from a stroke at 75.
4. "There's [BLANK] on my [paternal / maternal] side."
   • There's high blood pressure on my paternal side.
5. "No one in my immediate family has [BLANK]."
   • heart disease
   • cancer
6. "I don't know my biological family history because [BLANK]."
   • I was adopted

Latihan Pantas

Sebut setiap satu daripada ini dalam bahasa Inggeris yang semula jadi.

1. Sebut bahawa bapa anda menghidap diabetes jenis 2, didiagnosis sekitar umur 50.
2. Sebut bahawa ibu anda menghidap kanser payudara pada umur 50 dan kini dalam remisi.
3. Nyatakan bahawa datuk sebelah bapa anda meninggal dunia akibat serangan jantung pada umur 62.
4. Catat bahawa tekanan darah tinggi adalah biasa di sebelah bapa anda.
5. Sebut bahawa tiada sesiapa dalam immediate family anda menghidap kanser.

Contoh Jawapan

1. My father has type 2 diabetes; he was diagnosed at around 50.
2. My mother had breast cancer at 50, and she's in remission now.
3. My paternal grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62.
4. High blood pressure is common on my paternal side.
5. No one in my immediate family has cancer.

Lembaran Ringkasan Sedia Salin

Anda akan ditanya semua ini di mana-mana doktor baharu, pemeriksaan tahunan, atau penilaian sebelum pembedahan. Simpan satu salinan dalam nota telefon anda.

Family medical history summary
Father: alive / passed away  Age: ___  Conditions: __________
Mother: alive / passed away  Age: ___  Conditions: __________
Sibling 1 (older / younger): __________ Conditions: __________
Sibling 2 (older / younger): __________ Conditions: __________

Paternal grandfather: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Paternal grandmother: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Maternal grandfather: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Maternal grandmother: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________

Aunts / uncles with significant conditions: __________
Cousins with early-onset conditions: __________

Conditions that "run in the family":
- __________
- __________

Notes:
- I was adopted: yes / no  (if yes, I don't have biological family history)
- Anything else worth mentioning: __________

Bacaan Berkaitan

• Untuk sejarah perubatan lampau yang lebih lengkap: lihat Past Medical History in English: Chronic Conditions, Surgeries, Hospitalizations, and Family History
• Untuk mengikuti perkembangan keadaan kronik anda sendiri: lihat Chronic Disease Follow-Up English: How to Talk About Hypertension, Diabetes, and Asthma at Routine Visits

Peringatan: Artikel ini mengajar komunikasi bahasa Inggeris untuk situasi penjagaan kesihatan. Ia bukan diagnosis perubatan atau nasihat rawatan. Penilaian risiko dan pengaturan susulan berdasarkan sejarah keluarga hendaklah mengikut klinisian tempatan anda.