Bahasa Inggeris Perubatan untuk Selesema, Demam, dan Batuk: Penjagaan Primer dan Penjagaan Mendesak
Artikel ini mengajar komunikasi Bahasa Inggeris untuk situasi penjagaan kesihatan. Ia bukan diagnosis perubatan atau nasihat rawatan. Jika anda mengalami kesukaran bernafas yang teruk, sakit dada, kekeliruan, demam tinggi yang berterusan pada kanak-kanak kecil, bibir membiru, atau sebarang simptom mendesak lain, hubungi 911 dengan segera atau pergi ke bilik kecemasan terdekat.
Untuk selesema, demam, atau batuk ringan biasa di AS, anda biasanya akan melawat klinik penjagaan primer (doktor keluarga atau pakar perubatan dalaman anda) atau penjagaan mendesak (urgent care — penjagaan hari yang sama tanpa janji temu untuk perkara yang belum sampai tahap kecemasan). Penjagaan primer biasanya memerlukan janji temu yang dijadualkan terlebih dahulu, manakala penjagaan mendesak membenarkan anda masuk tanpa janji temu pada hari itu. Walau mana pun pilihan anda, penyambut tetamu, jururawat, dan penyedia perubatan akan bertanya soalan yang sangat serupa untuk mempersempit punca masalah. Jika anda boleh menerangkan simptom anda dalam satu atau dua ayat yang jelas, keseluruhan lawatan berjalan jauh lebih pantas.
Perbendaharaan Kata Teras
| Term | Maksud | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| cold | selesema biasa | I think I have a cold. |
| flu / influenza | influenza | I'm worried it might be the flu. |
| fever | suhu badan yang meningkat | I've had a fever since yesterday. |
| chills | rasa sejuk dan menggigil | I keep getting chills at night. |
| cough | batuk | The cough is keeping me up at night. |
| dry cough | batuk tanpa kahak | It's a dry cough, no phlegm. |
| productive cough / wet cough | batuk yang mengeluarkan lendir | I have a productive cough with yellow phlegm. |
| sore throat | sakit tekak | My throat is sore when I swallow. |
| runny nose | hingus berair | My nose has been running for three days. |
| stuffy / congested nose | hidung tersumbat | My nose is stuffy and I can't breathe through it. |
| sneezing | bersin | I keep sneezing in the morning. |
| body aches | otot sakit di seluruh badan | I have body aches all over. |
| fatigue | tenaga rendah, keletihan | I feel really fatigued. |
| shortness of breath | rasa tidak mampu mendapat cukup udara | I'm having some shortness of breath. |
| urgent care | klinik tanpa janji temu untuk kes bukan kecemasan | I'd like to be seen at urgent care. |
Frasa Wajib Tahu
- I'd like to be seen for... — digunakan semasa mendaftar masuk
I'd like to be seen for a fever and cough.
- I've had [symptom] for [duration].
I've had a sore throat for four days.
- It started [time].
It started Monday night.
- My temperature was [number] this morning.
My temperature was 38.5 Celsius this morning. (kira-kira 101.3°F)
- The cough is worse at night.
- I'm coughing up [yellow / green / clear] phlegm.
- I haven't been able to keep food down.
- I tested negative / positive for COVID at home.
- I got the flu shot this season.
- I'm allergic to [drug]. — beritahu ini secara sukarela jika anda mempunyai alahan ubat
- Can you write me a doctor's note?
- Should I come back if it gets worse?
- What should I watch out for?
Ungkapan Janggal berbanding Semula Jadi
| Kurang semula jadi | Lebih semula jadi |
|---|---|
| I am cold sick. | I have a cold. / I'm coming down with a cold. |
| My body is hot. | I'm running a fever. / I have a fever. |
| I cough water. | I have a productive cough. / I'm coughing up phlegm. |
| My throat hurts when I eat. | My throat hurts when I swallow. |
| I am not breathing well. | I'm a little short of breath. |
| Give me medicine for cough. | Could you recommend something for the cough? |
Dialog Situasi
Latar: kaunter hadapan penjagaan mendesak
Receptionist: Hi, how can I help you today?
You: Hi, I'd like to be seen. I've had a fever and a bad cough for three days.
Receptionist: Do you have insurance with you?
You: Yes, here's my insurance card and my ID.
Receptionist: Please fill out this form and have a seat. The wait is about 30 minutes.
Di dalam bilik pemeriksaan
Provider: What brings you in today?
You: I've had a fever since Monday night, around 38.5. I have a productive cough with yellow phlegm, and my throat is sore when I swallow.
Provider: Any shortness of breath or chest pain?
You: No chest pain, but I do feel a little short of breath when I climb stairs.
Provider: Have you tested for COVID or flu?
You: I tested negative for COVID at home yesterday. I haven't tested for flu.
Templat Ayat Boleh Tukar Ganti
- I've had [SYMPTOM] for [TIME], and it's [getting worse / about the same / slowly improving].
- It started [DAY / TIME], right after [TRIGGER, e.g., a long flight / being around someone sick].
- The [cough / pain] is worse [at night / in the morning / when I lie down].
- I've already tried [OTC medicine, e.g., Tylenol / DayQuil], and it [helped a little / didn't help].
- I'm allergic to [DRUG], and I'm currently taking [MEDICATION] for [CONDITION].
Latihan
- Sebutkan ini dalam Bahasa Inggeris yang semula jadi: batuk yang sudah berlarutan hampir seminggu, lebih teruk pada waktu malam.
- Sebutkan ini dalam Bahasa Inggeris yang semula jadi: batuk berkahak dengan kahak kuning-hijau.
- Sebutkan ini dalam Bahasa Inggeris yang semula jadi: demam 39°C yang turun sedikit selepas mengambil ubat penurun demam.
Jawapan Rujukan
- I've had a cough for almost a week, and it's worse at night.
- I have a productive cough with yellow-green phlegm.
- My fever went up to 39 Celsius. I took a fever reducer and it came down a bit.
Ringkasan Pra-Lawatan Sedia Disalin
- Chief complaint: Fever, cough, sore throat
- Onset: Started Monday night (3 days ago)
- Fever: Up to 38.5°C (101.3°F), highest in the evenings
- Cough: Productive, yellow phlegm, worse at night
- Other symptoms: Sore throat when swallowing, mild fatigue, slight shortness of breath on stairs
- Tested at home: COVID negative yesterday; not yet tested for flu
- Tried so far: Fever reducer every 6 hours, plenty of fluids — fever comes down briefly
- Allergies: None / [list]
- Current meds: None / [list]
- Vaccines: Flu shot this season — yes / no
Catatan tentang Batas Perubatan
Frasa dalam artikel ini adalah untuk latihan komunikasi Bahasa Inggeris dan tidak menggantikan pertimbangan perubatan profesional. Jika anda mengalami mana-mana yang berikut, hubungi 911 atau pergi ke bilik kecemasan terdekat dengan segera: kesukaran bernafas yang teruk, sakit dada yang teruk, bibir atau kuku membiru, kekeliruan, demam tinggi pada bayi atau kanak-kanak kecil yang tidak mahu turun, atau demam tinggi semasa mengandung. Apabila simptom yang lebih ringan memerlukan rujukan, sama ada hendak mengambil ubat, dan sama ada hendak menjalankan ujian adalah keputusan untuk pasukan perubatan di lokasi.
Bacaan Berkaitan
Artikel lain dalam siri ini: Masalah perut dalam Bahasa Inggeris, Masalah kulit dalam Bahasa Inggeris, Kecederaan dalam Bahasa Inggeris.