Bahasa Inggeris Perubatan untuk Alahan: Makanan, Ubat, dan Bermusim
Artikel ini mengajar komunikasi bahasa Inggeris untuk situasi penjagaan kesihatan. Ia bukan diagnosis perubatan atau nasihat rawatan. Jika anda mengalami pembengkakan cepat pada muka, bibir, atau lidah, kesempitan pada tekak, kesukaran bernafas, suara serak, pening atau pengsan, atau ruam dengan penurunan tekanan darah, itu ialah tanda-tanda anafilaksis (tindak balas alahan yang mengancam nyawa) — hubungi 911 dengan segera, dan gunakan alat suntik epinefrin automatik anda (seperti EpiPen) hanya jika ia telah dipreskripsikan kepada anda dan anda telah dilatih untuk menggunakannya.
"Allergy" (alahan) membawa berat yang khusus dalam persekitaran perubatan AS. Drug allergies (alahan ubat) dimasukkan secara kekal dalam carta elektronik anda dan mempengaruhi setiap preskripsi pada masa hadapan. Food allergies (alahan makanan) mempengaruhi hidangan dan penilaian pra-bius. Seasonal allergies (alahan bermusim atau hay fever) mempengaruhi keselesaan harian tetapi biasanya berisiko lebih rendah. Memisahkan ketiga-tiga kategori ini dengan jelas, dan tepat tentang severity (tahap keterukan), ialah inti komunikasi yang jelas.
Perbendaharaan Kata Teras
| Term | Maksud | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| allergic to ... | mempunyai alahan terhadap | I'm allergic to penicillin. |
| allergy / allergies | alahan (kata nama) | I have several food allergies. |
| food allergy | alahan terhadap sesuatu makanan | I have a peanut allergy. |
| drug allergy | alahan terhadap sesuatu ubat | List your drug allergies here. |
| seasonal allergies | alahan berkaitan debunga | My seasonal allergies act up in spring. |
| hay fever | alahan debunga | I get bad hay fever every April. |
| reaction | kejadian alahan | I had a reaction to amoxicillin once. |
| mild reaction | gejala ringan | It was a mild reaction — just hives. |
| severe reaction | gejala berbahaya, melibatkan seluruh badan | I had a severe reaction and went to the ER. |
| anaphylaxis | tindak balas alahan yang mengancam nyawa | I have a history of anaphylaxis. |
| EpiPen / epinephrine auto-injector | pen epinefrin kecemasan | I carry an EpiPen with me. |
| swelling | pembengkakan | My face started swelling. |
| trouble breathing | kesukaran bernafas (dispnea) | I had trouble breathing. |
| antihistamine | ubat alahan | I took an antihistamine. |
| cross-reactive | bertindak balas terhadap bahan yang berkaitan | I'm allergic to shellfish — am I cross-reactive to ...? |
| environmental | daripada persekitaran (cth. habuk, haiwan peliharaan) | I have environmental allergies to dust mites and cats. |
Frasa Wajib Tahu
- I'm allergic to [substance].
- My reaction was [hives / swelling / trouble breathing / vomiting / anaphylaxis].
- It was a [mild / moderate / severe] reaction.
- I had to go to the ER / I was hospitalized for it.
- I carry an EpiPen. / I don't carry an EpiPen.
- I've never been formally tested for allergies.
- I'm not sure if it's a true allergy or just a sensitivity.
- The last time I had a reaction was [year / age].
- I take [antihistamine, e.g., Zyrtec / Claritin] daily during pollen season.
- I'm currently having an allergic reaction.
- I think I'm having a severe allergic reaction — I need help. — untuk keadaan kecemasan
- Please update my chart — I'm allergic to [drug].
Frasa Janggal lwn Frasa Semula Jadi
| Kurang semula jadi | Lebih semula jadi |
|---|---|
| I have allergy peanut. | I'm allergic to peanuts. / I have a peanut allergy. |
| My body refuses penicillin. | I'm allergic to penicillin. |
| It is allergy season for me. | My seasonal allergies are bad right now. |
| My nose is running because of pollen. | I'm having a flare-up of seasonal allergies. |
| I almost died from shrimp. | I had a severe reaction to shrimp — I had to go to the ER. |
| I think it's a small allergy. | I had a mild reaction. |
Dialog Situasi
Senario 1: Mengisi sejarah alahan semasa pendaftaran
Nurse: Do you have any drug allergies?
You: Yes, I'm allergic to penicillin. I broke out in hives and had some facial swelling when I took it as a child.
Nurse: Did you ever have trouble breathing or go to the ER?
You: I went to urgent care, but I didn't have trouble breathing. I'd call it moderate.
Nurse: I'll mark "penicillin — hives and facial swelling, moderate" in your chart.
Senario 2: Menghubungi 911 tentang tindak balas alahan yang teruk (kecemasan)
911: 911, what's your emergency?
You: I think I'm having a severe allergic reaction. I ate something with peanuts, my face is swelling, and I'm having trouble breathing. I'm at [address].
911: Do you have an EpiPen?
You: Yes, I'm using it now in my outer thigh.
911: Stay on the line. An ambulance is on the way.
⚠️ Dialog di atas hanya menunjukkan ungkapan bahasa Inggeris. Dalam kehidupan sebenar, menggunakan EpiPen memerlukan preskripsi dan latihan daripada seorang doktor. Artikel ini tidak mengajar bila atau cara untuk menyuntik.
Templat Ayat Boleh Ganti
- I'm allergic to [SUBSTANCE]. My reaction is [SYMPTOMS]. The severity is [mild / moderate / severe].
- The last time I had a reaction was [TIME / AGE], and I [did / didn't] need emergency care.
- I [carry / don't carry] an EpiPen, and I [have / haven't] been tested by an allergist.
- During [pollen / cat / dust] season, I usually take [MEDICATION].
- I think I'm having a reaction right now to [POSSIBLE TRIGGER]. My symptoms are [SYMPTOMS].
Latihan
- Sebutkan ini dalam bahasa Inggeris semula jadi: alah kepada kedua-dua penisilin dan aspirin — penisilin menyebabkan ruam, aspirin menyebabkan pendarahan perut.
- Sebutkan ini dalam bahasa Inggeris semula jadi: alahan debunga yang paling teruk dari Mac hingga Mei setiap tahun.
- Sebutkan ini dalam bahasa Inggeris semula jadi (ungkapan kecemasan): kemungkinan sedang mengalami tindak balas alahan sekarang — muka membengkak dan tekak terasa sempit.
Jawapan Rujukan
- I'm allergic to penicillin and aspirin. Penicillin gives me a rash, and aspirin causes stomach bleeding for me.
- I have seasonal allergies — pollen. They're worst from March to May every year.
- I think I'm having an allergic reaction. My face is starting to swell and my throat feels tight.
Ringkasan Pra-Lawatan Sedia Salin
- Alahan ubat: Penicillin — hives + facial swelling, age 8, moderate (treated at urgent care)
- Alahan makanan: Shrimp / shellfish — hives + lip swelling, severe; carry EpiPen
- Alahan persekitaran: Dust mites, cats — runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes; mild
- Alahan bermusim: March–May (tree pollen); take Zyrtec daily during peak season
- Tindak balas terbaru: Last spring — controlled with antihistamine, no ER visit
- EpiPen: Yes, expires [date] — / No
- Penilaian pakar alahan: Last seen [date] / Never formally tested
Catatan tentang Sempadan Perubatan
Artikel ini hanya untuk latihan komunikasi bahasa Inggeris. Ia tidak menyediakan diagnosis, nasihat ubat, atau arahan suntikan. Cara untuk merawat sesuatu alahan, sama ada anda memerlukan EpiPen, sama ada perlu menjalani ujian alahan, dan bila (jika pernah) ia mungkin selamat untuk mencuba semula sesuatu makanan atau ubat yang menyebabkan tindak balas, ialah keputusan untuk seorang doktor yang bertauliah. Jika anda atau seseorang berhampiran anda menunjukkan tanda-tanda tindak balas yang teruk — anafilaksis: kesempitan tekak, pembengkakan muka, kesukaran bernafas, perubahan suara, pening atau pengsan, atau ruam meluas dengan tekanan darah rendah — hubungi 911 dengan segera.
Bacaan Berkaitan
Masalah kulit dalam bahasa Inggeris, Selesema, demam, batuk dalam bahasa Inggeris, Masalah perut dalam bahasa Inggeris.