皮膚問題英文：紅疹、發癢、腫脹、過敏反應
本文僅教英文溝通用法，不提供任何皮膚診斷或治療建議。若疹子在數小時內快速擴散、伴隨臉部或舌頭腫脹、呼吸困難、暈眩或意識改變，那是嚴重過敏反應的警訊，請立即撥打 911。
皮膚問題的英文常見的麻煩，是把「會癢的紅疹」一律講成 rash 或 allergy。臨床上會分得更細：是 rash（紅疹）、hives（蕁麻疹／風團）、bump（單顆突起）、還是 swelling（腫脹）？是 itchy、painful 還是 burning？以下整理只教你如何描述外觀，不替你判斷可能病因。
核心單字表
| English term | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| rash | 紅疹 | I have a rash on my arms. |
| hives | 蕁麻疹（會移動的浮腫紅塊） | I broke out in hives this morning. |
| itchy | 癢的 | The rash is really itchy. |
| burning | 灼熱感 | It feels burning, not just itchy. |
| stinging | 刺痛感 | The skin is stinging when I touch it. |
| swelling | 腫脹 | There's swelling around my eye. |
| bump | 單顆突起 | I have one big bump on my leg. |
| blister | 水泡 | A small blister formed overnight. |
| flaky / peeling | 脫屑／脫皮 | The skin is flaky and peeling. |
| dry skin | 皮膚乾燥 | My skin has been very dry. |
| oozing | 滲液 | The bump is oozing a clear fluid. |
| spread / spreading | 擴散 | The rash is spreading down my arm. |
| break out | 突然冒出 | I broke out in red spots overnight. |
| trigger | 誘因 | I'm not sure what the trigger was. |
| dermatology | 皮膚科 | They referred me to dermatology. |
必背句型
- I have a rash on my [body part].
- It started [time / day] and it's been [getting worse / about the same].
- It's [itchy / painful / burning / not really painful].
- The rash is [red / pink / raised / flat / blotchy / patchy].
- It's spreading from [area] to [area].
- I noticed swelling around [body part].
- I broke out in hives after [exposure].
- I think I touched / ate / took [trigger] before it started.
- I tried [over-the-counter cream, e.g., hydrocortisone], and it [helped a little / didn't help].
- It's worse [at night / after a hot shower / when I sweat].
- I haven't had this kind of rash before. / I've had something similar before.
- Should I see dermatology?
錯誤說法 vs 自然說法
| 不太自然 | 自然說法 |
|---|---|
| My skin has red. | I have a red rash on my arm. |
| My face is big. | My face is swollen. / There's swelling on my face. |
| It bites me. | It itches. / It's really itchy. |
| Skin water bubble. | I have a small blister. |
| Skin is broken pieces. | My skin is flaky / peeling. |
| Rash is moving. | The rash is spreading. |
情境對話
地點：primary care 診間
Provider: What's going on with your skin? 醫師：你皮膚怎麼了？
You: I broke out in a red, itchy rash on both arms yesterday afternoon. 你：昨天下午兩隻手臂突然冒出又紅又癢的疹子。
Provider: Did you start any new medications, foods, soaps, or detergents recently? 醫師：最近有沒有換新的藥、食物、肥皂或洗衣精？
You: I started a new laundry detergent on Sunday. That's the only change I can think of. 你：我星期天換了新的洗衣精，能想到的只有這個變化。
Provider: Is the rash spreading? 醫師：疹子有在擴散嗎？
You: It started on my forearms and it's now reaching my elbows. It's not on my face or torso. 你：一開始在前臂，現在到手肘。臉和身體沒有。
Provider: Any swelling, trouble breathing, or feeling lightheaded? 醫師：有腫脹、呼吸困難或頭暈嗎？
You: No swelling on my face or lips, no trouble breathing. Just very itchy. 你：臉跟嘴唇沒腫，呼吸正常，就是非常癢。
可替換句型模板
- I have a [COLOR] [rash / bump / patch] on my [BODY PART].
- It's [itchy / painful / burning], and it [started / got worse] after [POSSIBLE TRIGGER].
- The area is [raised / flat / warm to the touch / oozing clear fluid].
- I've tried [PRODUCT], and it [didn't help / helped a little].
- I [do / don't] have any swelling on my face, lips, or tongue, and I [can / can't] breathe normally.
小練習
- 把「我背上突然冒出一片紅疹，會癢，但不會痛」翻成英文。
- 把「腫起來的地方摸起來熱熱的，有點滲液」翻成英文。
- 把「擦了 OTC 的類固醇藥膏兩天，沒有比較好」翻成英文。
參考答案
- I broke out in a red rash on my back. It's itchy but not painful.
- The swollen area feels warm to the touch and is oozing a little.
- I've used an over-the-counter steroid cream for two days. It hasn't really helped.
看診前可複製的英文整理表
Chief complaint: Itchy rash on both forearms Onset: Yesterday afternoon (~24 hours ago) Location: Started on inner forearms, now reaching elbows Appearance: Red, raised, blotchy patches; no blisters; no oozing Sensation: Very itchy; not painful; mild burning when scratched Spread: Slowly spreading upward along both arms; not on face/torso Possible trigger: New laundry detergent started Sunday No facial/lip/tongue swelling, no breathing trouble, no dizziness Tried so far: Cool compresses, OTC hydrocortisone cream — minimal relief Allergies: None known / [list] Current meds: None / [list]
醫療邊界提醒
本文只教英文溝通方式，不替任何皮膚問題下診斷。若出現以下狀況，請立刻撥打 911 或前往急診：臉、嘴唇、舌頭快速腫脹；喉嚨緊縮、聲音改變；呼吸困難或喘鳴聲；頭暈、心悸、近乎昏倒；疹子伴隨高燒，或在 1–2 小時內快速擴散全身。輕症何時該轉診皮膚科、要不要做切片、用什麼藥膏，全部交給現場醫療人員判斷。
延伸閱讀：過敏英文、感冒、發燒、咳嗽英文、眼科英文。