過去病史英文：慢性病、手術、住院、家族史

「Any past medical history?」是英文問診裡幾乎一定會出現的句子。一瞬間要想：我有什麼慢性病？開過什麼刀？什麼時候住過院？家裡有誰有什麼？翻譯成英文又是另一層挑戰。其實只要把過去病史拆成 慢性病 / 手術 / 住院 / 家族史 四塊，每一塊有幾組固定句型，幾乎就能應付任何醫師。

本文僅教英文溝通，不提供醫療診斷或治療建議；緊急症狀請尋求當地急救或醫療協助。

核心單字表

English term 中文意思 例句
medical history 病史 I'd like to go over my medical history.
chronic condition 慢性病 I have one chronic condition — high blood pressure.
diagnosed with 被診斷為 I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2019.
surgery / operation 手術 I had surgery on my knee in 2021.
hospitalized 住院 I was hospitalized for pneumonia last winter.
ER / emergency room 急診室 I went to the ER for chest pain once.
outpatient 門診（不住院） It was outpatient surgery.
inpatient 住院 It was an inpatient stay of three days.
family history 家族病史 There's heart disease in my family.
condition 疾病／狀況 I don't have any other conditions.
under control 穩定／控制中 My blood pressure is under control with medication.
flare-up 發作 My asthma had a flare-up last year.

必背句型

下面是「過去病史四大塊」的核心句型，唸出聲三遍會記得很快。

  1. "I have a history of [BLANK]."（我有 ___ 的病史）
  2. "I was diagnosed with [BLANK] in [年份]."（我在 ___ 年被診斷為 ___）
  3. "It's well controlled with medication."（用藥之後控制得不錯）
  4. "I had surgery on my [部位] in [年份]."（我 ___ 年動過 ___ 的手術）
  5. "It was outpatient — I went home the same day."（門診手術，當天就回家）
  6. "I was hospitalized for [BLANK] in [年份]."（我 ___ 年因為 ___ 住院）
  7. "I stayed in the hospital for [天數]."（住了 ___ 天）
  8. "There's [BLANK] in my family."（我家有 ___ 的病史）
  9. "My father has [BLANK]; my mother has [BLANK]."（我爸有 ___，我媽有 ___）
  10. "No one in my immediate family has [BLANK]."（直系親屬沒人有 ___）
  11. "I don't have any other major conditions."（我沒有其他重大疾病）
  12. "I'm not sure of the exact date — it was around [年份]."（我不太確定確切日期，大概是 ___ 年）

錯誤說法 vs 自然說法

不太自然 自然好用 為什麼
I sick high blood pressure long time. I have a history of high blood pressure. 用 history of + 病名是固定搭配。
I cut belly 2018. I had abdominal surgery in 2018. 「cut belly」字面太直接；用 surgery on / abdominal surgery。
I sleep hospital 5 days. I was hospitalized for five days. sleep hospital 不是英文；用 hospitalized for + 天數。
My family disease many. There's a lot of [diabetes / heart disease] in my family. 不講「many disease」，講具體名稱。
I got cancer before. I had cancer in [年份]. / I'm a cancer survivor. got cancer before 太籠統，加年份或用 survivor。
My mom dead heart. My mother passed away from heart disease. 用 passed away from + 病名比較自然且尊重。
I no problem health. I don't have any major health conditions. I no problem 不是英文。

情境對話：在家庭醫師那做初診病史

Doctor: Let's go over your past medical history. Any chronic conditions? （醫師：我們來看一下你過去的病史。有慢性病嗎？）

You: Yes, two. I was diagnosed with high blood pressure in 2018, and high cholesterol in 2020. Both are well controlled with medication. （你：有兩個。我 2018 年被診斷為高血壓，2020 年高膽固醇，兩個都用藥控制得不錯。）

Doctor: Any surgeries? （醫師：有開過刀嗎？）

You: I had knee surgery in 2015 — it was outpatient. And I had my appendix out in 2010. （你：我 2015 年動過膝蓋手術，是門診的。2010 年盲腸切掉。）

Doctor: Have you ever been hospitalized? （醫師：有住過院嗎？）

You: Yes, I was hospitalized for pneumonia in 2022. I stayed for four days. （你：有，我 2022 年因為肺炎住院四天。）

Doctor: What about family history? Any heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or stroke in close relatives? （醫師：家族史呢？近親有心臟病、癌症、糖尿病或中風嗎？）

You: My father has type 2 diabetes. My mother had breast cancer at 52, but she's been in remission. There's high blood pressure on both sides of the family. （你：我爸有第二型糖尿病。我媽 52 歲時得過乳癌，目前緩解中。雙邊家族都有高血壓。）

Doctor: Any other conditions I should know about? （醫師：還有其他我該知道的疾病嗎？）

You: I have mild asthma — only flares up with bad allergies. No other major conditions. （你：我有輕微氣喘，只有過敏嚴重時會發作。其他沒什麼。）

可替換句型模板

把 [BLANK] 換成你的情況。

  1. "I have a history of [BLANK]."
    • high blood pressure
    • asthma
    • kidney stones
  2. "I was diagnosed with [BLANK] in [BLANK]."
    • type 2 diabetes in 2019
    • thyroid disease in my early 30s
  3. "I had [BLANK] surgery in [BLANK]."
    • knee surgery in 2021
    • gallbladder surgery five years ago
  4. "I was hospitalized for [BLANK] in [BLANK]."
    • pneumonia last winter
    • a kidney infection in 2017
  5. "My [BLANK] has [BLANK]."
    • father has heart disease
    • mother has type 2 diabetes
  6. "I don't have any other major conditions."

小練習

把下列句子翻成自然英文。

  1. 我 2019 年被診斷為第二型糖尿病。
  2. 我 2021 年動過膝蓋手術，是門診的。
  3. 我去年因為肺炎住院五天。
  4. 我爸有心臟病，我媽有高血壓。
  5. 我沒有其他重大疾病。
參考答案
  1. I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2019.
  2. I had knee surgery in 2021 — it was outpatient.
  3. I was hospitalized for pneumonia for five days last year.
  4. My father has heart disease, and my mother has high blood pressure.
  5. I don't have any other major conditions.

看診前可複製的英文整理表

第一次看新醫師、做手術前評估、或入院前都會被問病史。把這張表填好就一次解決。

Past medical history summary
- Chronic conditions: __________ (year diagnosed: ___, controlled with: ___)
- Other ongoing conditions: __________
- Surgeries / operations:
   • __________ in __________ (inpatient / outpatient)
   • __________ in __________
- Hospitalizations:
   • __________ in __________ (length of stay: ___ days)
- ER visits in the past 2 years: __________
- Family history:
   • Father: __________
   • Mother: __________
   • Siblings: __________
   • Grandparents (if known): __________
- Vaccinations up to date: yes / no
- Pregnancies / births (if applicable): __________
- Anything else worth mentioning: __________

延伸閱讀

再次提醒：本文僅教英文溝通，不提供醫療診斷或治療建議。實際健康狀況請依當地醫療人員的判斷處理。