家族病史英文：心臟病、癌症、糖尿病等常見說法

「Any family history of heart disease or cancer?」幾乎是每位新醫師問你的第一題。家族病史對醫師判斷你的風險很重要，但很多人開口時會卡在三件事：親屬怎麼稱呼、什麼年紀發病、是不是還在世。把這三個欄位準備好，再加上幾個常見疾病的英文，就能流暢地把家族圖譜講清楚。

本文僅教英文溝通，不提供醫療診斷或治療建議；緊急症狀請尋求當地急救或醫療協助。

核心單字表

English term 中文意思 例句
family history 家族病史 There's heart disease in my family.
immediate family 直系親屬 My immediate family — parents and siblings.
extended family 旁系親屬 Extended family — aunts, uncles, cousins.
paternal / maternal side 父系／母系那邊 Heart disease runs on my paternal side.
diagnosed at 在 ___ 歲被診斷 She was diagnosed at 50.
passed away from 因 ___ 過世 He passed away from a stroke at 68.
run in the family 家族遺傳傾向 Diabetes runs in my family.
heart disease 心臟病 My father has heart disease.
heart attack 心肌梗塞 He had a heart attack at 55.
stroke 中風 My grandmother had a stroke.
cancer 癌症 My aunt had breast cancer.
breast / colon / lung / prostate cancer 乳／大腸／肺／攝護腺癌 colon cancer at 60
diabetes (type 1 / type 2) 第一／二型糖尿病 type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure / hypertension 高血壓 Both parents have high blood pressure.
high cholesterol 高膽固醇 High cholesterol on my mother's side.

親屬稱謂英文速查

中文 英文
父親 father / dad
母親 mother / mom
兄／弟 older brother / younger brother
姊／妹 older sister / younger sister
祖父（父系） paternal grandfather
祖母（父系） paternal grandmother
外公（母系） maternal grandfather
外婆（母系） maternal grandmother
伯／叔／舅 uncle
姑／姨 aunt
表／堂兄弟姊妹 cousin
子／女 son / daughter
配偶 spouse

醫師最關心的通常是 immediate family（父母 + 兄弟姊妹 + 子女）。Grandparent 與 aunt/uncle 屬於 extended，會問但權重稍低。

必背句型

  1. "There's [BLANK] in my family."（家族裡有 ___）
    • heart disease
    • diabetes
    • early-onset cancer
  2. "It runs on my [paternal / maternal] side."（這在父系／母系那邊）
  3. "My [親屬] has [BLANK]."（我的 ___ 有 ___）
    • My father has type 2 diabetes.
  4. "My [親屬] had [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."（我的 ___ 在 ___ 歲時罹患 ___）
    • My mother had breast cancer at 50.
  5. "My [親屬] passed away from [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."（我的 ___ 因 ___ 在 ___ 歲過世）
    • My grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62.
  6. "He / she is in remission."（目前處於緩解期，常用於癌症）
  7. "No one in my immediate family has [BLANK]."（我直系親屬沒人有 ___）
  8. "I'm not sure of the exact age, but it was [BLANK]."（我不確定確切年紀，大概 ___）
    • in his early 60s
  9. "I was adopted, so I don't know my biological family history."（我被領養，所以不清楚原生家庭病史）
  10. "My family history is mostly cardiovascular."（家族史以心血管疾病為主）

錯誤說法 vs 自然說法

不太自然 自然好用 為什麼
My father heart bad. My father has heart disease. 用 has + heart disease。
Mother dead cancer. My mother passed away from cancer. passed away from 是常見、尊重的講法。
Many family sugar disease. Several family members have diabetes. 不用「sugar disease」，用 diabetes。
Grandfather die young from heart. My grandfather passed away from a heart attack at a young age. 加病名與年紀。
My all family high blood. High blood pressure runs in my family. 用 runs in my family 是固定搭配。
Aunt cancer breast 50. My aunt was diagnosed with breast cancer at 50. 用 was diagnosed with + 病名 + at 年齡。
I no know, no relation. I was adopted, so I don't know my biological family history. 提供清楚原因。

情境對話：家庭醫師問診

Doctor: Let's go over your family history. Any heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or stroke in close family members? （醫師：我們看一下家族史。近親裡有心臟病、癌症、糖尿病或中風嗎？）

You: Yes, several. My father has type 2 diabetes — he was diagnosed in his early 50s. He also has high blood pressure. （你：有幾項。我爸有第二型糖尿病，五十出頭被診斷出來，他也有高血壓。）

Doctor: And on your mother's side? （醫師：那你媽那邊呢？）

You: My mother had breast cancer at 50. She had surgery and chemo, and she's been in remission for about ten years now. （你：我媽 50 歲時得乳癌，做了手術和化療，目前已經緩解十年。）

Doctor: Anyone with heart attacks or strokes? （醫師：有人心肌梗塞或中風嗎？）

You: My paternal grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62. My maternal grandmother had a stroke in her 70s but recovered. （你：我爺爺 62 歲因心肌梗塞過世。外婆 70 多歲時中風，後來康復了。）

Doctor: Any siblings with health issues? （醫師：兄弟姊妹有什麼健康問題嗎？）

You: My older brother has high cholesterol but is on medication. My younger sister is healthy. （你：哥哥有高膽固醇，目前在用藥。妹妹健康。）

Doctor: Thanks. Given your family history, we'll keep an eye on your blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. （醫師：謝謝。根據你的家族史，我們會持續注意你的血壓、血糖和膽固醇。）

可替換句型模板

  1. "My [親屬] has [BLANK]."
    • My father has type 2 diabetes.
  2. "My [親屬] had [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."
    • My aunt had colon cancer at 60.
  3. "My [親屬] passed away from [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."
    • My grandfather passed away from a stroke at 75.
  4. "There's [BLANK] on my [paternal / maternal] side."
    • There's high blood pressure on my paternal side.
  5. "No one in my immediate family has [BLANK]."
    • heart disease
    • cancer
  6. "I don't know my biological family history because [BLANK]."
    • I was adopted

小練習

翻成自然英文。

  1. 我爸有第二型糖尿病，他大約 50 歲被診斷出來。
  2. 我媽 50 歲時得乳癌，現在緩解中。
  3. 我爺爺 62 歲因心肌梗塞過世。
  4. 高血壓在我父系那邊滿常見的。
  5. 我直系親屬沒人有癌症。
參考答案
  1. My father has type 2 diabetes; he was diagnosed at around 50.
  2. My mother had breast cancer at 50, and she's in remission now.
  3. My paternal grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62.
  4. High blood pressure is common on my paternal side.
  5. No one in my immediate family has cancer.

看診前可複製的英文整理表

第一次看新醫師、做健康檢查、做手術前評估都會被問，建議手機備忘錄常駐一份。

Family medical history summary
Father: alive / passed away  Age: ___  Conditions: __________
Mother: alive / passed away  Age: ___  Conditions: __________
Sibling 1 (older / younger): __________ Conditions: __________
Sibling 2 (older / younger): __________ Conditions: __________

Paternal grandfather: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Paternal grandmother: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Maternal grandfather: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Maternal grandmother: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________

Aunts / uncles with significant conditions: __________
Cousins with early-onset conditions: __________

Conditions that "run in the family":
- __________
- __________

Notes:
- I was adopted: yes / no  (if yes, I don't have biological family history)
- Anything else worth mentioning: __________

延伸閱讀

再次提醒：本文僅教英文溝通，不提供醫療診斷或治療建議。家族病史的風險評估與後續安排請依當地醫療人員判斷。