感冒、發燒、咳嗽英文：內科與 urgent care 常用句
本文僅教英文溝通用法，不提供醫療診斷或治療建議。若出現呼吸困難、胸痛、意識不清、嬰幼兒高燒不退、嘴唇發紫等狀況，請立即撥打 911 或前往最近的急診室（emergency room）。
在美國看一般感冒、發燒、輕度咳嗽，多半會去 primary care clinic（家庭醫師／內科診所） 或 urgent care（不需預約的急症照護）。primary care 通常需要先預約且排程較久，urgent care 則是當天 walk-in、處理「不到急診程度但今天就想看」的狀況。櫃台、護理師、醫師會用一連串很相似的問題把你的症狀問清楚，能用一兩句把症狀講準確，整個流程就會快很多。
核心單字表
| English term | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| cold | 普通感冒 | I think I have a cold. |
| flu / influenza | 流感 | I'm worried it might be the flu. |
| fever | 發燒 | I've had a fever since yesterday. |
| chills | 畏寒、發冷 | I keep getting chills at night. |
| cough | 咳嗽 | The cough is keeping me up at night. |
| dry cough | 乾咳 | It's a dry cough, no phlegm. |
| productive cough / wet cough | 有痰的咳嗽 | I have a productive cough with yellow phlegm. |
| sore throat | 喉嚨痛 | My throat is sore when I swallow. |
| runny nose | 流鼻水 | My nose has been running for three days. |
| stuffy / congested nose | 鼻塞 | My nose is stuffy and I can't breathe through it. |
| sneezing | 打噴嚏 | I keep sneezing in the morning. |
| body aches | 全身痠痛 | I have body aches all over. |
| fatigue | 疲倦無力 | I feel really fatigued. |
| shortness of breath | 喘不過氣 | I'm having some shortness of breath. |
| urgent care | 急症照護中心 | I'd like to be seen at urgent care. |
必背句型
- I'd like to be seen for... ─ 我想看……（櫃台報到時）
I'd like to be seen for a fever and cough.
- I've had [症狀] for [時間]. ─ 我這個症狀已經……
I've had a sore throat for four days.
- It started [時間]. ─ 從……開始的
It started Monday night.
- My temperature was [數字] this morning. ─ 早上量是……
My temperature was 38.5 Celsius this morning. (約 101.3°F)
- The cough is worse at night. ─ 咳嗽晚上比較嚴重
- I'm coughing up [yellow / green / clear] phlegm. ─ 咳出（黃／綠／透明）的痰
- I haven't been able to keep food down. ─ 吃進去都吐
- I tested negative / positive for COVID at home. ─ 家用快篩 COVID 陰／陽性
- I got the flu shot this season. ─ 這季有打流感疫苗
- I'm allergic to [drug]. ─ 我對……過敏（必要時主動講）
- Can you write me a doctor's note? ─ 可以開個病假條給我嗎？
- Should I come back if it gets worse? ─ 如果惡化我要再回來嗎？
- What should I watch out for? ─ 我應該注意什麼警訊？
錯誤說法 vs 自然說法
| 不太自然 | 自然說法 |
|---|---|
| I am cold sick. | I have a cold. / I'm coming down with a cold. |
| My body is hot. | I'm running a fever. / I have a fever. |
| I cough water. | I have a productive cough. / I'm coughing up phlegm. |
| My throat hurts when I eat. | My throat hurts when I swallow. |
| I am not breathing well. | I'm a little short of breath. |
| Give me medicine for cough. | Could you recommend something for the cough? |
情境對話
地點：urgent care 櫃台
Receptionist: Hi, how can I help you today? 櫃台：您好，今天怎麼了？
You: Hi, I'd like to be seen. I've had a fever and a bad cough for three days. 你：你好，我想看診。我發燒加咳嗽已經三天了。
Receptionist: Do you have insurance with you? 櫃台：保險卡有帶嗎？
You: Yes, here's my insurance card and my ID. 你：有的，這是保險卡和身分證件。
Receptionist: Please fill out this form and have a seat. The wait is about 30 minutes. 櫃台：請填這張表，然後坐下來等大約 30 分鐘。
進診間後
Provider: What brings you in today? 醫師：今天為什麼來？
You: I've had a fever since Monday night, around 38.5. I have a productive cough with yellow phlegm, and my throat is sore when I swallow. 你：星期一晚上開始發燒，大約 38.5 度。咳嗽有黃痰，喉嚨吞東西會痛。
Provider: Any shortness of breath or chest pain? 醫師：有喘不過氣或胸痛嗎？
You: No chest pain, but I do feel a little short of breath when I climb stairs. 你：沒有胸痛，但爬樓梯會覺得有點喘。
Provider: Have you tested for COVID or flu? 醫師：有篩 COVID 或流感嗎？
You: I tested negative for COVID at home yesterday. I haven't tested for flu. 你：我昨天家用快篩 COVID 是陰性，流感還沒篩。
可替換句型模板
- I've had [SYMPTOM] for [TIME], and it's [getting worse / about the same / slowly improving].
- It started [DAY / TIME], right after [TRIGGER, e.g., a long flight / being around someone sick].
- The [cough / pain] is worse [at night / in the morning / when I lie down].
- I've already tried [OTC medicine, e.g., Tylenol / DayQuil], and it [helped a little / didn't help].
- I'm allergic to [DRUG], and I'm currently taking [MEDICATION] for [CONDITION].
小練習
- 你想表達「我已經咳嗽快一週了，晚上特別嚴重。」請用英文說一次。
- 把「我有痰，是黃綠色的」翻成英文。
- 把「燒到 39 度，吃了普拿疼有退一點」翻成英文。
參考答案
- I've had a cough for almost a week, and it's worse at night.
- I have a productive cough with yellow-green phlegm.
- My fever went up to 39 Celsius. I took some Tylenol and it came down a bit.
看診前可複製的英文整理表
Chief complaint: Fever, cough, sore throat Onset: Started Monday night (3 days ago) Fever: Up to 38.5°C (101.3°F), highest in the evenings Cough: Productive, yellow phlegm, worse at night Other symptoms: Sore throat when swallowing, mild fatigue, slight shortness of breath on stairs Tested at home: COVID negative yesterday; not yet tested for flu Tried so far: Tylenol every 6 hours, plenty of fluids — fever comes down briefly Allergies: None / [list] Current meds: None / [list] Vaccines: Flu shot this season — yes / no
醫療邊界提醒
本文整理的句型只用於英文溝通練習，不能取代醫療專業判斷。若你出現以下情況，請立即撥打 911 或前往最近的急診室：呼吸非常困難、胸口劇痛、嘴唇或指甲發紫、意識混亂、嬰幼兒高燒不退、孕婦高燒。輕症何時該轉診、要不要服藥、要不要做檢驗，全部交由現場醫療人員判斷。