過敏英文：食物過敏、藥物過敏、季節性過敏
本文僅教英文溝通用法，不提供醫療診斷或治療建議。若出現臉部／嘴唇／舌頭快速腫脹、喉嚨緊縮、呼吸困難、聲音沙啞、頭暈或暈倒、皮疹伴血壓下降，那是嚴重過敏反應（anaphylaxis）的警訊，請立即撥打 911，並使用你身上的 epinephrine auto-injector（如 EpiPen）若有處方且醫師曾教過如何使用。
「過敏」在美國醫療系統裡有非常具體的意義。藥物過敏（drug allergies）會被永久記錄在電子病歷，影響日後所有用藥；食物過敏（food allergies）會影響餐飲、麻醉前評估；季節性過敏（seasonal allergies / hay fever）影響日常但不算高風險。把三類分清楚、把嚴重度（severity）講清楚，是溝通的關鍵。
核心單字表
| English term | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| allergic to ... | 對……過敏 | I'm allergic to penicillin. |
| allergy / allergies | 過敏（名詞） | I have several food allergies. |
| food allergy | 食物過敏 | I have a peanut allergy. |
| drug allergy | 藥物過敏 | List your drug allergies here. |
| seasonal allergies | 季節性過敏 | My seasonal allergies act up in spring. |
| hay fever | 花粉熱 | I get bad hay fever every April. |
| reaction | 過敏反應（事件） | I had a reaction to amoxicillin once. |
| mild reaction | 輕微反應 | It was a mild reaction — just hives. |
| severe reaction | 嚴重反應 | I had a severe reaction and went to the ER. |
| anaphylaxis | 全身性嚴重過敏 | I have a history of anaphylaxis. |
| EpiPen / epinephrine auto-injector | 腎上腺素自動注射筆 | I carry an EpiPen with me. |
| swelling | 腫脹 | My face started swelling. |
| trouble breathing | 呼吸困難 | I had trouble breathing. |
| antihistamine | 抗組織胺 | I took an antihistamine. |
| cross-reactive | 交叉反應的 | I'm allergic to shellfish — am I cross-reactive to ...? |
| environmental | 環境性的（過敏原） | I have environmental allergies to dust mites and cats. |
必背句型
- I'm allergic to [substance]. ─ 我對……過敏。
- My reaction was [hives / swelling / trouble breathing / vomiting / anaphylaxis].
- It was a [mild / moderate / severe] reaction.
- I had to go to the ER / I was hospitalized for it.
- I carry an EpiPen. / I don't carry an EpiPen.
- I've never been formally tested for allergies.
- I'm not sure if it's a true allergy or just a sensitivity. ─ 不確定是真過敏還是體質
- The last time I had a reaction was [year / age].
- I take [antihistamine, e.g., Zyrtec / Claritin] daily during pollen season.
- I'm currently having an allergic reaction. ─ 目前正在發作
- I think I'm having a severe allergic reaction — I need help. ─ 緊急情境用語
- Please update my chart — I'm allergic to [drug].
錯誤說法 vs 自然說法
| 不太自然 | 自然說法 |
|---|---|
| I have allergy peanut. | I'm allergic to peanuts. / I have a peanut allergy. |
| My body refuses penicillin. | I'm allergic to penicillin. |
| It is allergy season for me. | My seasonal allergies are bad right now. |
| My nose is running because of pollen. | I'm having a flare-up of seasonal allergies. |
| I almost died from shrimp. | I had a severe reaction to shrimp — I had to go to the ER. |
| I think it's a small allergy. | I had a mild reaction. |
情境對話
情境一：報到時填過敏史
Nurse: Do you have any drug allergies? 護理師：有任何藥物過敏嗎？
You: Yes, I'm allergic to penicillin. I broke out in hives and had some facial swelling when I took it as a child. 你：有，我對盤尼西林過敏。小時候吃了會起蕁麻疹，臉有點腫。
Nurse: Did you ever have trouble breathing or go to the ER? 護理師：有沒有呼吸困難或進過急診？
You: I went to urgent care, but I didn't have trouble breathing. I'd call it moderate. 你：有去 urgent care，但沒有呼吸困難。我會說是中度。
Nurse: I'll mark "penicillin — hives and facial swelling, moderate" in your chart. 護理師：我在病歷上記「盤尼西林——蕁麻疹和臉部腫脹，中度」。
情境二：撥打 911 描述嚴重過敏（緊急）
911: 911, what's your emergency? 911：請說。
You: I think I'm having a severe allergic reaction. I ate something with peanuts, my face is swelling, and I'm having trouble breathing. I'm at [address]. 你：我可能在嚴重過敏。我吃到含花生的東西，臉在腫，呼吸困難。我在 [地址]。
911: Do you have an EpiPen? 911：你有腎上腺素注射筆嗎？
You: Yes, I'm using it now in my outer thigh. 你：有，我正在打大腿外側。
911: Stay on the line. An ambulance is on the way. 911：請別掛電話，救護車已派出。
⚠️ 上面只是英文用法示範。真實情況下使用 EpiPen 必須先取得醫師處方並由醫護教過操作；本文不教任何注射方式或時機。
可替換句型模板
- I'm allergic to [SUBSTANCE]. My reaction is [SYMPTOMS]. The severity is [mild / moderate / severe].
- The last time I had a reaction was [TIME / AGE], and I [did / didn't] need emergency care.
- I [carry / don't carry] an EpiPen, and I [have / haven't] been tested by an allergist.
- During [pollen / cat / dust] season, I usually take [MEDICATION].
- I think I'm having a reaction right now to [POSSIBLE TRIGGER]. My symptoms are [SYMPTOMS].
小練習
- 把「我對盤尼西林和阿斯匹靈都過敏，盤尼西林會起疹子，阿斯匹靈會讓我胃出血」翻成英文。
- 把「我有花粉過敏，每年三月到五月最嚴重」翻成英文。
- 把「我覺得我可能正在過敏，臉開始腫，喉嚨緊緊的」翻成英文（緊急用語）。
參考答案
- I'm allergic to penicillin and aspirin. Penicillin gives me a rash, and aspirin causes stomach bleeding for me.
- I have seasonal allergies — pollen. They're worst from March to May every year.
- I think I'm having an allergic reaction. My face is starting to swell and my throat feels tight.
看診前可複製的英文整理表
Drug allergies: Penicillin — hives + facial swelling, age 8, moderate (treated at urgent care) Food allergies: Shrimp / shellfish — hives + lip swelling, severe; carry EpiPen Environmental allergies: Dust mites, cats — runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes; mild Seasonal allergies: March–May (tree pollen); take Zyrtec daily during peak season Most recent reaction: Last spring — controlled with antihistamine, no ER visit EpiPen: Yes, expires [date] — / No Allergist evaluation: Last seen [date] / Never formally tested
醫療邊界提醒
本文僅供英文溝通練習，不提供任何過敏診斷、用藥建議或注射操作說明。如何治療過敏、是否需要 EpiPen、是否做過敏原檢測、何時可以重新嘗試曾經過敏的食物或藥物，全部必須由合格醫師判斷。 如果你或身邊的人正在發生疑似嚴重過敏反應（臉/嘴唇/舌頭快速腫脹、呼吸困難、聲音改變、頭暈、暈倒、廣泛皮疹伴血壓下降），請立即撥打 911。
延伸閱讀：皮膚問題英文、感冒、發燒、咳嗽英文、腸胃不舒服英文。