Menjelaskan Masalah Perut: Nyeri, Diare, Muntah, dan Mual

Artikel ini hanya mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris di lingkungan medis, bukan diagnosis atau saran pengobatan. Jika kamu muntah darah, BAB hitam pekat seperti aspal atau berdarah segar, nyeri perut hebat dengan demam tinggi, kebingungan, sedang hamil dengan nyeri perut bawah hebat, tidak bisa menahan cairan apa pun, atau menunjukkan tanda dehidrasi (mulut kering, pusing, urin sangat sedikit), segera cari bantuan medis atau hubungi 911.

Saat menjelaskan gejala pencernaan dalam bahasa Inggris, dua jebakan paling umum adalah: memakai kata "stomach" untuk seluruh perut dan gagal menjelaskan lokasi serta sifat nyerinya. Komunikasi medis lebih spesifik: perut bagian atas (upper abdomen), perut bagian bawah (lower abdomen), sekitar pusar (around the belly button), dan jenis nyeri seperti dull (tumpul), sharp (tajam), atau cramping (mulas). Kalau kamu bisa menyebutkan lokasi + sifat + frekuensi + pemicu, kamu akan menghemat banyak waktu di ruang periksa.

Kosakata inti

English term	Bahasa Indonesia	Contoh kalimat
stomachache	sakit perut (umum, kasual)	I've had a stomachache since this morning.
abdominal pain	nyeri perut (istilah medis)	I have abdominal pain in the lower right side.
upper abdomen	perut bagian atas	The pain is in my upper abdomen.
lower abdomen	perut bagian bawah	I have cramping in my lower abdomen.
nausea	mual (ingin muntah tapi belum)	I've been feeling nauseous all day.
vomiting	muntah	I vomited twice last night.
diarrhea	diare	I've had diarrhea since yesterday.
constipation	sembelit	I haven't had a bowel movement in four days.
bloating	kembung	I feel really bloated after meals.
heartburn / acid reflux	nyeri ulu hati / asam lambung naik	I get heartburn after spicy food.
cramping	kram / mulas	The pain comes in cramps.
sharp pain	nyeri tajam	It's a sharp pain on my right side.
dull pain	nyeri tumpul	It's a dull, constant ache.
stool / bowel movement	tinja / BAB	My stool has been very loose.
food poisoning	keracunan makanan	I think it might be food poisoning.

Kalimat kunci yang harus dihafal

The pain is in my [upper / lower / right / left] abdomen.
It's a [sharp / dull / cramping / burning] pain.
The pain comes and goes. — Nyerinya hilang-timbul.
The pain is constant. — Sakitnya terus-menerus.
It's worse after eating. — Lebih parah setelah makan.
I haven't been able to keep food down. — Apa pun yang saya makan keluar lagi.
I've had diarrhea about [N] times today.
My stool is [watery / loose / very dark / has blood in it]. — Menjelaskan tampilan tinja kalau perlu.
I vomited [N] times since [time]. It looked [yellow / green / had blood in it].
I might have had something bad — I ate [food] last night.
I'm pregnant / I might be pregnant. — Penting karena memengaruhi pemilihan obat.
I'm taking [medication] for [condition].

Cara bicara yang tidak alami vs cara bicara yang alami

Tidak alami	Alami
My stomach is broken.	I have a stomachache. / I'm having stomach trouble.
I throw out a lot.	I've been vomiting a lot. / I've thrown up several times.
My poop is water.	My stool is watery. / I have watery diarrhea.
I want to vomit but I can't.	I feel nauseous. / I feel like I might throw up.
Stomach is full of gas.	I feel very bloated.
I cannot poop.	I haven't had a bowel movement in [N] days.

Dialog situasi

Tempat: ruang periksa urgent care

Provider: What brings you in today? (Dokter: Hari ini keluhannya apa?)

You: I've had abdominal pain and diarrhea since last night. I think it might be something I ate. (Kamu: Sejak semalam saya nyeri perut dan diare. Saya rasa ini karena makanan.)

Provider: Where exactly is the pain? (Dokter: Sakitnya tepat di mana?)

You: Mostly in my lower abdomen, around here. It comes in cramps. (Kamu: Terutama di perut bagian bawah, sekitar sini. Mulas hilang-timbul.)

Provider: How many times have you had diarrhea today? (Dokter: Hari ini sudah berapa kali diare?)

You: Maybe seven or eight times. It's been very watery. (Kamu: Mungkin tujuh atau delapan kali. Cair sekali.)

Provider: Any blood in your stool? Any vomiting? (Dokter: Ada darah di tinjanya? Ada muntah?)

You: No blood that I noticed. I vomited twice last night, but not since this morning. (Kamu: Tidak ada darah yang saya lihat. Semalam saya muntah dua kali, tapi sejak pagi ini tidak lagi.)

Provider: Have you been able to drink fluids? (Dokter: Bisa minum?)

You: Just sips. I'm worried about getting dehydrated. (Kamu: Hanya seteguk-seteguk. Saya khawatir dehidrasi.)

Template kalimat yang bisa diubah

The pain is in my [LOCATION], and it [comes and goes / is constant].
I've had [diarrhea / vomiting] about [N] times since [TIME].
It got worse after I ate [FOOD] / after I took [MEDICATION].
I [can / can't] keep fluids down.
I'm allergic to [DRUG], and I [am / might be] pregnant.

Latihan singkat

Ucapkan dalam bahasa Inggris yang alami: nyeri kram hebat di perut kanan bawah selama sekitar 6 jam.
Ucapkan dalam bahasa Inggris yang alami: muntah tiga kali, dengan bercak darah pada muntahan kedua (ingat: darah selalu harus dilaporkan).
Ucapkan dalam bahasa Inggris yang alami: tidak BAB selama empat hari dan perut terasa sangat kembung.

Reference Answers

I have cramping pain in my lower right abdomen. It's been going on for about six hours.
I've vomited three times. The second time, I noticed a little bit of blood in it.
I haven't had a bowel movement in four days, and my stomach feels really bloated.

Daftar kalimat Inggris yang bisa kamu salin sebelum berobat

Chief complaint: Abdominal pain and diarrhea
Onset: Started last night around 10 pm (about 14 hours ago)
Location: Lower abdomen, mostly central and right side
Pain quality: Cramping, comes and goes, 6/10 at worst
Diarrhea: ~8 episodes today, watery, no visible blood
Vomiting: 2 times last night, none since morning
Triggers: May have eaten undercooked seafood at dinner
Fluids: Drinking sips of water and electrolyte drink, keeping most down
Pregnancy: No / Yes (X weeks) / Possible — last period [date]
Allergies: None / [list]
Current meds: None / [list]

Catatan tentang batasan medis

Artikel ini hanya untuk latihan komunikasi bahasa Inggris — jangan memakainya untuk memutuskan apakah kamu "cuma" terkena radang lambung-usus (gastroenteritis). Jika kamu muntah darah, BAB hitam pekat seperti aspal, melihat darah merah segar di tinja, mengalami nyeri perut hebat, demam tinggi, tidak bisa menahan cairan apa pun, jelas mengalami dehidrasi (mulut kering, pusing, urin sangat sedikit), atau sedang hamil dengan nyeri perut bawah hebat atau perdarahan apa pun, segera hubungi 911 atau pergi ke ruang gawat darurat terdekat.