Bahasa Inggris untuk Cedera: Jatuh, Terkilir, Luka Sayat, Memar, dan Patah Tulang

Artikel ini hanya mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris di lingkungan medis, bukan diagnosis atau penanganan cedera. Jika kamu mencurigai patah tulang, terjadi benturan kepala dengan pingsan atau muntah, perdarahan banyak yang tidak berhenti, luka terbuka, nyeri leher atau punggung berat hingga tidak bisa bergerak, atau benturan di perut ibu hamil, langsung ke unit gawat darurat (ER) atau hubungi 911 — jangan diobservasi di rumah.

Bahasa Inggris untuk cedera berbeda dari pilek: dokter paling memperhatikan "mekanisme cedera (mechanism of injury)" dan "kapan cedera terjadi (time of injury)". Sama-sama nyeri pergelangan tangan, "terkilir saat olahraga", "jatuh menumpu telapak tangan", dan "kecelakaan mobil" memiliki tatalaksana yang sangat berbeda. Artikel ini mengajarkan caranya menyampaikan cerita itu dalam bahasa Inggris, bukan menentukan apakah kamu patah tulang atau tidak.

Kosakata inti

English term	Bahasa Indonesia	Contoh kalimat
injury / injured	cedera / terluka	I injured my left wrist.
fall / fell	jatuh (past tense: fell)	I fell down the stairs this morning.
trip / tripped	tersandung	I tripped over a curb.
slip / slipped	terpeleset	I slipped on the ice.
sprain / sprained	terkilir (ligamen)	I think I sprained my ankle.
strain / strained	otot tertarik	I strained my lower back.
twist / twisted	terpuntir / terkilir	I twisted my knee playing basketball.
cut / laceration	luka sayat / robek	I have a cut on my hand.
bruise / bruised	memar	I have a bruise on my hip.
swelling	bengkak	There's a lot of swelling around my ankle.
pain on movement	nyeri saat bergerak	I have pain on movement.
weight-bearing	menahan beban	I can't put weight on my left foot.
range of motion	rentang gerak	My range of motion is limited.
suspected fracture	dugaan patah tulang	They want to rule out a fracture.
stitches	jahitan	I might need stitches.
tetanus shot	suntik tetanus	When was my last tetanus shot?
brace / splint	penyangga / bidai	They put a splint on my wrist.

Kalimat kunci yang harus dihafal

I [fell / tripped / slipped] [waktu], and I [landed on / hurt] my [bagian tubuh].
It happened about [waktu] ago.
I have pain in my [bagian tubuh], especially when I [move / press / put weight on it].
There's [swelling / bruising / a cut / blood] around the area.
I [can / can't] put weight on it. — Bisa atau tidak menahan beban.
I [can / can't] move my [finger / wrist / shoulder].
The pain is [N] out of 10.
I cut my [bagian tubuh] on a [knife / glass / sharp edge] about [waktu] ago.
The cut is about [panjang] long, and it [is / isn't] still bleeding.
I'm not sure if it's broken. I'd like to get it checked.
I haven't had a tetanus shot in years. — Penting saat ada luka.
I'm taking [pengencer darah / obat], so I bruise / bleed easily.

Cara bicara yang tidak alami vs cara bicara yang alami

Tidak alami	Alami
My foot is twisted.	I twisted my ankle. / I sprained my ankle.
My bone is broken. (kecuali sudah dipastikan)	I'm worried it might be broken. / I'd like to rule out a fracture.
Big blue color on my leg.	I have a large bruise on my leg.
Skin is opened.	I have an open cut. / I have a laceration.
It hurts when I walk.	I have pain when I put weight on it.
I cannot move it.	I can't move it / I have very limited range of motion.

Dialog situasi

Tempat: setelah daftar di urgent care

Provider: How did you injure yourself? Dokter: Bagaimana kamu cedera?

You: I tripped on a curb walking home about an hour ago. I tried to catch myself and landed on my left wrist. Kamu: Sekitar satu jam lalu saya tersandung trotoar saat berjalan pulang. Saya berusaha menahan, dan pergelangan kiri saya yang menumpu.

Provider: Can you point to where it hurts most? Dokter: Bisa tunjukkan bagian yang paling sakit?

You: Right here, on the back of my wrist. It hurts most when I try to bend it. Kamu: Di sini, sisi belakang pergelangan. Paling sakit saat saya tekuk.

Provider: Any numbness or tingling in your fingers? Dokter: Ada kesemutan atau mati rasa di jari?

You: No numbness, but there's some swelling and a small bruise forming. Kamu: Tidak mati rasa, tapi mulai bengkak dan ada memar kecil.

Provider: Can you make a fist? Dokter: Bisa mengepalkan tangan?

You: I can, but it's painful. I'd give the pain a 6 out of 10. Kamu: Bisa, tapi sakit. Skala nyerinya 6/10.

Provider: We'll get an X-ray to make sure nothing's broken. Dokter: Kita rontgen untuk memastikan tidak ada yang patah.

Template kalimat yang bisa diubah

I [fell / tripped / slipped / was hit] [TIME] ago, and I [landed on / hurt] my [BODY PART].
The mechanism was [tripping over a curb / slipping on ice / a sports tackle / a fall from standing height].
I [can / can't] [bear weight / make a fist / move my fingers / lift my arm].
The pain is [N]/10 at rest and [N]/10 when I [move / press].
I'm worried about a [fracture / sprain / deep cut], and I'd like it checked.

Latihan singkat

Terjemahkan: "Saya terkilir di pergelangan kaki kanan saat main basket, sekarang bengkak dan tidak bisa diinjak."
Terjemahkan: "Saat memotong sayuran saya menyayat jari telunjuk kiri. Lukanya sekitar 2 cm dan masih berdarah."
Terjemahkan: "Saya jatuh dari tangga dan kepala bagian belakang membentur lantai, tapi tidak pingsan." (Catatan: benturan kepala harus segera diperiksa.)

Jawaban referensi

I twisted my right ankle playing basketball. It's swollen now, and I can't put weight on it.
I cut my left index finger while chopping vegetables. The cut is about 2 centimeters long, and it's still bleeding.
I fell down the stairs and hit the back of my head. I didn't lose consciousness.

Daftar kalimat Inggris yang bisa kamu salin sebelum berobat

Mechanism: Tripped over a curb walking home; fell forward; landed on outstretched left hand Time of injury: ~1 hour ago Site of pain: Dorsal (back) side of left wrist Pain: 6/10 with movement; 3/10 at rest Swelling/bruising: Mild swelling, small bruise forming Range of motion: Can make a fist with pain; can't fully extend wrist Neurovascular: No numbness or tingling; fingers warm and pink Other injuries: None / [list — head, knee, etc.] Last tetanus shot: Approximately [year] Blood thinners: No / Yes ([drug]) Allergies: None / [list]

Artikel ini ditujukan untuk mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris di lingkungan medis, bukan diagnosis atau saran pengobatan. Untuk dugaan patah tulang, benturan kepala, cedera leher / punggung, luka terbuka, perdarahan tidak berhenti, benturan perut pada ibu hamil, atau perubahan perilaku anak setelah jatuh — langsung ke unit gawat darurat atau hubungi 911. Jangan menunda di rumah.