Riwayat Keluarga dalam Bahasa Inggris: Cara Menyebut Penyakit Jantung, Kanker, Diabetes, dan Penyakit Umum Lainnya

"Any family history of heart disease or cancer?" hampir selalu menjadi pertanyaan pertama dari setiap dokter baru. Riwayat keluarga sangat penting untuk menilai risikomu, tetapi banyak orang tersangkut pada tiga hal saat mulai menjelaskannya: bagaimana menyebut nama kekerabatan, di usia berapa penyakitnya muncul, dan apakah masih hidup. Setelah ketiga kolom ini siap, ditambah beberapa istilah penyakit umum dalam bahasa Inggris, kamu bisa menjelaskan pohon keluarga medis dengan lancar.

Artikel ini hanya mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris, bukan diagnosis atau saran pengobatan. Untuk gejala darurat, hubungi layanan darurat atau fasilitas medis setempat.

Kosakata inti

English term	Arti dalam Bahasa Indonesia	Contoh kalimat
family history	riwayat keluarga	There's heart disease in my family.
immediate family	keluarga inti	My immediate family — parents and siblings.
extended family	keluarga besar	Extended family — aunts, uncles, cousins.
paternal / maternal side	sisi ayah/sisi ibu	Heart disease runs on my paternal side.
diagnosed at	didiagnosis pada usia ___	She was diagnosed at 50.
passed away from	meninggal karena ___	He passed away from a stroke at 68.
run in the family	menurun dalam keluarga	Diabetes runs in my family.
heart disease	penyakit jantung	My father has heart disease.
heart attack	serangan jantung	He had a heart attack at 55.
stroke	stroke	My grandmother had a stroke.
cancer	kanker	My aunt had breast cancer.
breast / colon / lung / prostate cancer	kanker payudara/usus besar/paru/prostat	colon cancer at 60
diabetes (type 1 / type 2)	diabetes (tipe 1 / tipe 2)	type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure / hypertension	hipertensi	Both parents have high blood pressure.
high cholesterol	kolesterol tinggi	High cholesterol on my mother's side.

Daftar singkat istilah kekerabatan dalam bahasa Inggris

Bahasa Indonesia	Bahasa Inggris
ayah	father / dad
ibu	mother / mom
kakak laki-laki / adik laki-laki	older brother / younger brother
kakak perempuan / adik perempuan	older sister / younger sister
kakek (sisi ayah)	paternal grandfather
nenek (sisi ayah)	paternal grandmother
kakek (sisi ibu)	maternal grandfather
nenek (sisi ibu)	maternal grandmother
paman	uncle
bibi	aunt
sepupu	cousin
anak laki-laki / anak perempuan	son / daughter
pasangan	spouse

Yang paling diperhatikan dokter umumnya adalah immediate family (orang tua + saudara kandung + anak). Grandparent dan aunt/uncle masuk extended — tetap ditanya, tapi bobotnya sedikit lebih rendah.

Kalimat kunci yang harus dihafal

"There's [BLANK] in my family." (Di keluarga saya ada ___)
- heart disease
- diabetes
- early-onset cancer
"It runs on my [paternal / maternal] side." (Itu menurun di sisi ayah/ibu)
"My [kerabat] has [BLANK]." (___ saya mengidap ___)
- My father has type 2 diabetes.
"My [kerabat] had [BLANK] at age [BLANK]." (___ saya kena ___ di usia ___)
- My mother had breast cancer at 50.
"My [kerabat] passed away from [BLANK] at age [BLANK]." (___ saya meninggal karena ___ di usia ___)
- My grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62.
"He / she is in remission." (Saat ini dalam masa remisi, sering dipakai untuk kanker)
"No one in my immediate family has [BLANK]." (Keluarga inti saya tidak ada yang mengidap ___)
"I'm not sure of the exact age, but it was [BLANK]." (Saya tidak yakin usia pastinya, tapi sekitar ___)
- in his early 60s
"I was adopted, so I don't know my biological family history." (Saya diadopsi, jadi tidak tahu riwayat keluarga biologis)
"My family history is mostly cardiovascular." (Riwayat keluarga saya kebanyakan kardiovaskular)

Cara bicara yang tidak alami vs cara bicara yang alami

Tidak alami	Cara alami	Alasan
My father heart bad.	My father has heart disease.	Pakai has + heart disease.
Mother dead cancer.	My mother passed away from cancer.	Passed away from lebih umum dan sopan.
Many family sugar disease.	Several family members have diabetes.	Jangan pakai "sugar disease"; pakai diabetes.
Grandfather die young from heart.	My grandfather passed away from a heart attack at a young age.	Sertakan nama penyakit dan usia.
My all family high blood.	High blood pressure runs in my family.	Pakai runs in my family.
Aunt cancer breast 50.	My aunt was diagnosed with breast cancer at 50.	Pakai was diagnosed with + nama penyakit + at usia.
I no know, no relation.	I was adopted, so I don't know my biological family history.	Berikan alasan yang jelas.

Dialog situasi: anamnesis di dokter keluarga

Doctor: Let's go over your family history. Any heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or stroke in close family members? (Dokter: Mari kita bahas riwayat keluargamu. Ada penyakit jantung, kanker, diabetes, atau stroke pada kerabat dekat?)

You: Yes, several. My father has type 2 diabetes — he was diagnosed in his early 50s. He also has high blood pressure. (Kamu: Ada beberapa. Ayah saya diabetes tipe 2 — didiagnosis awal usia 50-an. Beliau juga hipertensi.)

Doctor: And on your mother's side? (Dokter: Bagaimana sisi ibu?)

You: My mother had breast cancer at 50. She had surgery and chemo, and she's been in remission for about ten years now. (Kamu: Ibu saya kena kanker payudara di usia 50. Beliau dioperasi dan kemoterapi, dan sudah remisi sekitar sepuluh tahun.)

Doctor: Anyone with heart attacks or strokes? (Dokter: Ada yang pernah serangan jantung atau stroke?)

You: My paternal grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62. My maternal grandmother had a stroke in her 70s but recovered. (Kamu: Kakek saya dari pihak ayah meninggal karena serangan jantung di usia 62. Nenek saya dari pihak ibu kena stroke di usia 70-an tapi pulih.)

Doctor: Any siblings with health issues? (Dokter: Ada saudara kandung dengan masalah kesehatan?)

You: My older brother has high cholesterol but is on medication. My younger sister is healthy. (Kamu: Kakak laki-laki saya kolesterol tinggi tapi sedang minum obat. Adik perempuan saya sehat.)

Doctor: Thanks. Given your family history, we'll keep an eye on your blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. (Dokter: Terima kasih. Dengan riwayat keluargamu, kami akan memantau tekanan darah, gula darah, dan kolesterolmu.)

Template kalimat yang bisa diubah

"My [kerabat] has [BLANK]."
- My father has type 2 diabetes.
"My [kerabat] had [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."
- My aunt had colon cancer at 60.
"My [kerabat] passed away from [BLANK] at age [BLANK]."
- My grandfather passed away from a stroke at 75.
"There's [BLANK] on my [paternal / maternal] side."
- There's high blood pressure on my paternal side.
"No one in my immediate family has [BLANK]."
- heart disease
- cancer
"I don't know my biological family history because [BLANK]."
- I was adopted

Latihan singkat

Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris yang alami.

Ayah saya diabetes tipe 2, didiagnosis sekitar usia 50.
Ibu saya kena kanker payudara di usia 50, sekarang dalam remisi.
Kakek saya meninggal karena serangan jantung di usia 62.
Hipertensi cukup umum di sisi ayah saya.
Keluarga inti saya tidak ada yang mengidap kanker.

Jawaban referensi

My father has type 2 diabetes; he was diagnosed at around 50.
My mother had breast cancer at 50, and she's in remission now.
My paternal grandfather passed away from a heart attack at 62.
High blood pressure is common on my paternal side.
No one in my immediate family has cancer.

Daftar kalimat Inggris yang bisa kamu salin sebelum berobat

Pertanyaan ini muncul saat konsultasi awal dengan dokter baru, medical check-up, atau evaluasi pra-operasi. Disarankan menyimpan satu salinan tetap di catatan ponsel.

Family medical history summary
Father: alive / passed away  Age: ___  Conditions: __________
Mother: alive / passed away  Age: ___  Conditions: __________
Sibling 1 (older / younger): __________ Conditions: __________
Sibling 2 (older / younger): __________ Conditions: __________

Paternal grandfather: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Paternal grandmother: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Maternal grandfather: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________
Maternal grandmother: __________ — passed away at ___ from __________

Aunts / uncles with significant conditions: __________
Cousins with early-onset conditions: __________

Conditions that "run in the family":
- __________
- __________

Notes:
- I was adopted: yes / no  (if yes, I don't have biological family history)
- Anything else worth mentioning: __________