Bahasa Inggris untuk Pilek, Demam, dan Batuk: Ungkapan yang Sering Dipakai di Klinik dan Urgent Care

Artikel ini hanya mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris di lingkungan medis, bukan diagnosis atau saran pengobatan. Jika kamu mengalami sesak napas berat, nyeri dada, kebingungan, demam tinggi pada bayi yang tidak turun, atau bibir kebiruan, segera hubungi 911 atau pergi ke unit gawat darurat (emergency room) terdekat.

Untuk pilek, demam, dan batuk ringan di Amerika, kamu biasanya akan datang ke primary care clinic (klinik dokter keluarga / penyakit dalam) atau urgent care (klinik tanpa janji untuk kondisi mendesak). Primary care biasanya butuh janji dan jadwalnya lebih panjang, sedangkan urgent care menerima walk-in di hari yang sama untuk kondisi yang "belum sampai gawat darurat tapi mau ditangani hari ini." Resepsionis, perawat, dan dokter akan menanyakan rangkaian pertanyaan yang mirip-mirip. Kalau kamu bisa menjelaskan gejala dengan tepat dalam satu-dua kalimat, seluruh proses akan jauh lebih cepat.

Kosakata inti

English term	Bahasa Indonesia	Contoh kalimat
cold	pilek (common cold)	I think I have a cold.
flu / influenza	flu / influenza	I'm worried it might be the flu.
fever	demam	I've had a fever since yesterday.
chills	menggigil	I keep getting chills at night.
cough	batuk	The cough is keeping me up at night.
dry cough	batuk kering	It's a dry cough, no phlegm.
productive cough / wet cough	batuk berdahak	I have a productive cough with yellow phlegm.
sore throat	sakit tenggorokan	My throat is sore when I swallow.
runny nose	hidung meler	My nose has been running for three days.
stuffy / congested nose	hidung tersumbat	My nose is stuffy and I can't breathe through it.
sneezing	bersin	I keep sneezing in the morning.
body aches	badan pegal-pegal / nyeri	I have body aches all over.
fatigue	lelah / lemas	I feel really fatigued.
shortness of breath	sesak napas	I'm having some shortness of breath.
urgent care	klinik gawat ringan	I'd like to be seen at urgent care.

Kalimat kunci yang harus dihafal

I'd like to be seen for... — Saya mau periksa karena... (saat mendaftar di resepsionis)

I'd like to be seen for a fever and cough.
I've had [gejala] for [waktu]. — Gejalanya sudah berlangsung selama...

I've had a sore throat for four days.
It started [waktu]. — Mulainya...

It started Monday night.
My temperature was [angka] this morning. — Suhu saya tadi pagi...

My temperature was 38.5 Celsius this morning. (sekitar 101.3°F)
The cough is worse at night. — Batuknya lebih parah malam hari.
I'm coughing up [yellow / green / clear] phlegm. — Dahaknya berwarna kuning / hijau / bening.
I haven't been able to keep food down. — Apa pun yang saya makan keluar lagi.
I tested negative / positive for COVID at home. — Tes COVID di rumah hasilnya negatif / positif.
I got the flu shot this season. — Musim ini saya sudah vaksin flu.
I'm allergic to [obat]. — Saya alergi terhadap... (sebutkan kalau perlu).
Can you write me a doctor's note? — Bisa minta surat keterangan sakit?
Should I come back if it gets worse? — Kalau memburuk, apakah saya harus kembali ke sini?
What should I watch out for? — Tanda-tanda apa yang harus saya waspadai?

Cara bicara yang tidak alami vs cara bicara yang alami

Tidak alami	Alami
I am cold sick.	I have a cold. / I'm coming down with a cold.
My body is hot.	I'm running a fever. / I have a fever.
I cough water.	I have a productive cough. / I'm coughing up phlegm.
My throat hurts when I eat.	My throat hurts when I swallow.
I am not breathing well.	I'm a little short of breath.
Give me medicine for cough.	Could you recommend something for the cough?

Dialog situasi

Tempat: resepsionis urgent care

Receptionist: Hi, how can I help you today? Resepsionis: Halo, ada yang bisa dibantu hari ini?

You: Hi, I'd like to be seen. I've had a fever and a bad cough for three days. Kamu: Halo, saya mau periksa. Saya demam dan batuk parah sudah tiga hari.

Receptionist: Do you have insurance with you? Resepsionis: Bawa kartu asuransi?

You: Yes, here's my insurance card and my ID. Kamu: Ya, ini kartu asuransi dan KTP saya.

Receptionist: Please fill out this form and have a seat. The wait is about 30 minutes. Resepsionis: Tolong isi formulir ini lalu silakan duduk. Antriannya sekitar 30 menit.

Setelah masuk ke ruang periksa

Provider: What brings you in today? Dokter: Hari ini ada keluhan apa?

You: I've had a fever since Monday night, around 38.5. I have a productive cough with yellow phlegm, and my throat is sore when I swallow. Kamu: Saya demam sejak Senin malam, sekitar 38,5. Batuk saya berdahak warna kuning, dan tenggorokan sakit waktu menelan.

Provider: Any shortness of breath or chest pain? Dokter: Ada sesak napas atau nyeri dada?

You: No chest pain, but I do feel a little short of breath when I climb stairs. Kamu: Tidak nyeri dada, tapi sedikit sesak waktu naik tangga.

Provider: Have you tested for COVID or flu? Dokter: Sudah tes COVID atau flu?

You: I tested negative for COVID at home yesterday. I haven't tested for flu. Kamu: Kemarin saya tes COVID di rumah, hasilnya negatif. Belum tes flu.

Template kalimat yang bisa diubah

I've had [SYMPTOM] for [TIME], and it's [getting worse / about the same / slowly improving].
It started [DAY / TIME], right after [TRIGGER, e.g., a long flight / being around someone sick].
The [cough / pain] is worse [at night / in the morning / when I lie down].
I've already tried [OTC medicine, e.g., Tylenol / DayQuil], and it [helped a little / didn't help].
I'm allergic to [DRUG], and I'm currently taking [MEDICATION] for [CONDITION].

Latihan singkat

Coba ucapkan "Saya batuk hampir seminggu, dan paling parah malam hari" dalam bahasa Inggris.
Terjemahkan: "Dahak saya warnanya kuning kehijauan."
Terjemahkan: "Demam saya sampai 39 derajat. Setelah minum Tylenol agak turun."

Jawaban referensi

I've had a cough for almost a week, and it's worse at night.
I have a productive cough with yellow-green phlegm.
My fever went up to 39 Celsius. I took some Tylenol and it came down a bit.

Daftar kalimat Inggris yang bisa kamu salin sebelum berobat

Chief complaint: Fever, cough, sore throat Onset: Started Monday night (3 days ago) Fever: Up to 38.5°C (101.3°F), highest in the evenings Cough: Productive, yellow phlegm, worse at night Other symptoms: Sore throat when swallowing, mild fatigue, slight shortness of breath on stairs Tested at home: COVID negative yesterday; not yet tested for flu Tried so far: Tylenol every 6 hours, plenty of fluids — fever comes down briefly Allergies: None / [list] Current meds: None / [list] Vaccines: Flu shot this season — yes / no

Artikel ini ditujukan untuk mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris di lingkungan medis, bukan diagnosis atau saran pengobatan. Jika kamu mengalami gejala darurat, segera hubungi layanan darurat atau fasilitas medis terdekat.