Bahasa Inggris untuk Alergi: Alergi Makanan, Alergi Obat, dan Alergi Musiman

Artikel ini hanya mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris di lingkungan medis, bukan diagnosis atau saran pengobatan. Jika kamu mengalami pembengkakan cepat di wajah / bibir / lidah, tenggorokan terasa menyempit, sesak napas, suara serak, pusing atau pingsan, atau ruam dengan tekanan darah turun, itu tanda anafilaksis (reaksi alergi berat) — segera hubungi 911, dan gunakan epinephrine auto-injector (misalnya EpiPen) hanya jika kamu memang punya resep dan sudah diajari oleh dokter.

Kata "alergi" di sistem medis Amerika punya makna yang sangat spesifik. Alergi obat (drug allergies) akan masuk ke rekam medis elektronik permanen dan memengaruhi semua peresepan ke depan; alergi makanan (food allergies) memengaruhi makanan dan evaluasi sebelum anestesi; alergi musiman (seasonal allergies / hay fever) memengaruhi keseharian tapi biasanya bukan kondisi berisiko tinggi. Bisa membedakan ketiga kategori ini dan menyampaikan tingkat keparahan (severity) adalah kunci komunikasi.

Kosakata inti

English term	Bahasa Indonesia	Contoh kalimat
allergic to ...	alergi terhadap...	I'm allergic to penicillin.
allergy / allergies	alergi (kata benda)	I have several food allergies.
food allergy	alergi makanan	I have a peanut allergy.
drug allergy	alergi obat	List your drug allergies here.
seasonal allergies	alergi musiman	My seasonal allergies act up in spring.
hay fever	rhinitis alergi musiman / hay fever	I get bad hay fever every April.
reaction	reaksi alergi (kejadian)	I had a reaction to amoxicillin once.
mild reaction	reaksi ringan	It was a mild reaction — just hives.
severe reaction	reaksi berat	I had a severe reaction and went to the ER.
anaphylaxis	anafilaksis (alergi berat sistemik)	I have a history of anaphylaxis.
EpiPen / epinephrine auto-injector	pena suntik epinephrine	I carry an EpiPen with me.
swelling	bengkak	My face started swelling.
trouble breathing	kesulitan bernapas	I had trouble breathing.
antihistamine	antihistamin	I took an antihistamine.
cross-reactive	reaksi silang	I'm allergic to shellfish — am I cross-reactive to ...?
environmental	alergen lingkungan	I have environmental allergies to dust mites and cats.

Kalimat kunci yang harus dihafal

I'm allergic to [zat]. — Saya alergi terhadap...
My reaction was [hives / swelling / trouble breathing / vomiting / anaphylaxis].
It was a [mild / moderate / severe] reaction.
I had to go to the ER / I was hospitalized for it.
I carry an EpiPen. / I don't carry an EpiPen.
I've never been formally tested for allergies.
I'm not sure if it's a true allergy or just a sensitivity. — Belum yakin apakah benar alergi atau sekadar sensitif.
The last time I had a reaction was [tahun / usia].
I take [antihistamin, misalnya Zyrtec / Claritin] daily during pollen season.
I'm currently having an allergic reaction. — Saya sedang mengalami reaksi alergi.
I think I'm having a severe allergic reaction — I need help. — Ungkapan untuk situasi darurat.
Please update my chart — I'm allergic to [obat].

Cara bicara yang tidak alami vs cara bicara yang alami

Tidak alami	Alami
I have allergy peanut.	I'm allergic to peanuts. / I have a peanut allergy.
My body refuses penicillin.	I'm allergic to penicillin.
It is allergy season for me.	My seasonal allergies are bad right now.
My nose is running because of pollen.	I'm having a flare-up of seasonal allergies.
I almost died from shrimp.	I had a severe reaction to shrimp — I had to go to the ER.
I think it's a small allergy.	I had a mild reaction.

Dialog situasi

Situasi 1: mengisi riwayat alergi saat mendaftar

Nurse: Do you have any drug allergies? Perawat: Apakah kamu punya alergi obat?

You: Yes, I'm allergic to penicillin. I broke out in hives and had some facial swelling when I took it as a child. Kamu: Ya, saya alergi penisilin. Waktu kecil saya pernah biduran dan wajah agak bengkak setelah minum penisilin.

Nurse: Did you ever have trouble breathing or go to the ER? Perawat: Apakah pernah sesak napas atau dibawa ke UGD?

You: I went to urgent care, but I didn't have trouble breathing. I'd call it moderate. Kamu: Saya dibawa ke urgent care, tapi tidak sesak napas. Menurut saya tergolong sedang.

Nurse: I'll mark "penicillin — hives and facial swelling, moderate" in your chart. Perawat: Saya catat di rekam medis: "penisilin — biduran dan bengkak wajah, sedang".

Situasi 2: menelepon 911 untuk reaksi alergi berat (darurat)

911: 911, what's your emergency? 911: 911, ada keadaan darurat apa?

You: I think I'm having a severe allergic reaction. I ate something with peanuts, my face is swelling, and I'm having trouble breathing. I'm at [address]. Kamu: Saya rasa saya mengalami reaksi alergi berat. Saya makan sesuatu yang mengandung kacang, wajah saya bengkak, dan saya sesak napas. Saya di [alamat].

911: Do you have an EpiPen? 911: Kamu punya EpiPen?

You: Yes, I'm using it now in my outer thigh. Kamu: Ya, saya sedang menyuntikkannya di paha luar.

911: Stay on the line. An ambulance is on the way. 911: Tetap di telepon. Ambulans sedang menuju lokasi.

Peringatan: dialog di atas hanya contoh penggunaan bahasa Inggris. Penggunaan EpiPen di dunia nyata harus dengan resep dokter dan setelah diajari tenaga medis cara dan kapan menggunakannya. Artikel ini tidak mengajarkan teknik atau waktu penyuntikan.

Template kalimat yang bisa diubah

I'm allergic to [SUBSTANCE]. My reaction is [SYMPTOMS]. The severity is [mild / moderate / severe].
The last time I had a reaction was [TIME / AGE], and I [did / didn't] need emergency care.
I [carry / don't carry] an EpiPen, and I [have / haven't] been tested by an allergist.
During [pollen / cat / dust] season, I usually take [MEDICATION].
I think I'm having a reaction right now to [POSSIBLE TRIGGER]. My symptoms are [SYMPTOMS].

Latihan singkat

Terjemahkan: "Saya alergi penisilin dan aspirin. Penisilin membuat saya berruam, dan aspirin menyebabkan perdarahan lambung."
Terjemahkan: "Saya alergi serbuk sari, paling parah dari Maret sampai Mei setiap tahun."
Terjemahkan: "Saya rasa saya sedang alergi sekarang — wajah saya mulai bengkak dan tenggorokan terasa menyempit." (untuk situasi darurat)

Jawaban referensi

I'm allergic to penicillin and aspirin. Penicillin gives me a rash, and aspirin causes stomach bleeding for me.
I have seasonal allergies — pollen. They're worst from March to May every year.
I think I'm having an allergic reaction. My face is starting to swell and my throat feels tight.

Daftar kalimat Inggris yang bisa kamu salin sebelum berobat

Drug allergies: Penicillin — hives + facial swelling, age 8, moderate (treated at urgent care) Food allergies: Shrimp / shellfish — hives + lip swelling, severe; carry EpiPen Environmental allergies: Dust mites, cats — runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes; mild Seasonal allergies: March–May (tree pollen); take Zyrtec daily during peak season Most recent reaction: Last spring — controlled with antihistamine, no ER visit EpiPen: Yes, expires [date] — / No Allergist evaluation: Last seen [date] / Never formally tested

Artikel ini ditujukan untuk mengajarkan komunikasi bahasa Inggris di lingkungan medis, bukan diagnosis atau saran pengobatan. Jika kamu mengalami gejala darurat (pembengkakan cepat wajah / bibir / lidah, sesak napas, perubahan suara, pusing, pingsan, atau ruam dengan tekanan darah turun), segera hubungi 911 atau pergi ke unit gawat darurat terdekat.