Antecedentes médicos en inglés: enfermedades crónicas, cirugías, hospitalizaciones e historia familiar

Antecedentes médicos en inglés: enfermedades crónicas, cirugías, hospitalizaciones e historia familiar

"Any past medical history?" es una de las preguntas más comunes en un ingreso médico en inglés. En un solo momento tienes que recordar: ¿qué enfermedades crónicas tengo, qué cirugías he tenido, cuándo me hospitalizaron y quién en mi familia tiene qué? Pasar todo eso al inglés es un reto en sí mismo. El truco es dividir tu historia en cuatro bloques — enfermedades crónicas / cirugías / hospitalizaciones / historia familiar — y aprender un par de frases fijas para cada uno. Eso cubre casi cualquier pregunta de un clínico.

Este artículo enseña comunicación en inglés para situaciones de atención sanitaria. No es un diagnóstico ni un consejo de tratamiento médico. Ante síntomas urgentes, contacta con tus servicios locales de emergencia o médicos.

Vocabulario esencial

Término Significado Ejemplo
medical history antecedentes médicos I'd like to go over my medical history.
chronic condition enfermedad crónica / de larga duración I have one chronic condition — high blood pressure.
diagnosed with diagnosticado/a con I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2019.
surgery / operation cirugía / operación I had surgery on my knee in 2021.
hospitalized ingresado/a en el hospital I was hospitalized for pneumonia last winter.
ER / emergency room sala de emergencias / urgencias I went to the ER for chest pain once.
outpatient no overnight stay It was outpatient surgery.
inpatient stayed overnight in hospital It was an inpatient stay of three days.
family history conditions in your relatives There's heart disease in my family.
condition illness or medical issue I don't have any other conditions.
under control well managed My blood pressure is under control with medication.
flare-up sudden return of symptoms My asthma had a flare-up last year.

Frases imprescindibles

Léelas en voz alta tres veces y te saldrán de forma natural — son las frases principales para los cuatro bloques de los antecedentes médicos.

  1. "I have a history of [BLANK]."
  2. "I was diagnosed with [BLANK] in [year]."
  3. "It's well controlled with medication."
  4. "I had surgery on my [body part] in [year]."
  5. "It was outpatient — I went home the same day."
  6. "I was hospitalized for [BLANK] in [year]."
  7. "I stayed in the hospital for [number of days]."
  8. "There's [BLANK] in my family."
  9. "My father has [BLANK]; my mother has [BLANK]."
  10. "No one in my immediate family has [BLANK]."
  11. "I don't have any other major conditions."
  12. "I'm not sure of the exact date — it was around [year]."

Forma poco natural vs. forma natural

Poco natural Natural Por qué
I sick high blood pressure long time. I have a history of high blood pressure. "History of + condition" es la expresión fija.
I cut belly 2018. I had abdominal surgery in 2018. "Cut belly" suena demasiado literal; usa "surgery on / abdominal surgery".
I sleep hospital 5 days. I was hospitalized for five days. "Sleep hospital" no es inglés; usa "hospitalized for + days".
My family disease many. There's a lot of [diabetes / heart disease] in my family. Evita "many disease" — nombra la enfermedad concreta.
I got cancer before. I had cancer in [year]. / I'm a cancer survivor. "Got cancer before" es demasiado vago; añade un año o usa "survivor".
My mom dead heart. My mother passed away from heart disease. "Passed away from + condition" es natural y respetuoso.
I no problem health. I don't have any major health conditions. "I no problem" no es inglés.

Diálogo situacional: primer ingreso con un médico de familia

Doctor: Let's go over your past medical history. Any chronic conditions?

You: Yes, two. I was diagnosed with high blood pressure in 2018, and high cholesterol in 2020. Both are well controlled with medication.

Doctor: Any surgeries?

You: I had knee surgery in 2015 — it was outpatient. And I had my appendix out in 2010.

Doctor: Have you ever been hospitalized?

You: Yes, I was hospitalized for pneumonia in 2022. I stayed for four days.

Doctor: What about family history? Any heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or stroke in close relatives?

You: My father has type 2 diabetes. My mother had breast cancer at 52, but she's been in remission. There's high blood pressure on both sides of the family.

Doctor: Any other conditions I should know about?

You: I have mild asthma — only flares up with bad allergies. No other major conditions.

Plantillas de frases intercambiables

Sustituye [BLANK] por tu situación.

  1. "I have a history of [BLANK]."
    • high blood pressure
    • asthma
    • kidney stones
  2. "I was diagnosed with [BLANK] in [BLANK]."
    • type 2 diabetes in 2019
    • thyroid disease in my early 30s
  3. "I had [BLANK] surgery in [BLANK]."
    • knee surgery in 2021
    • gallbladder surgery five years ago
  4. "I was hospitalized for [BLANK] in [BLANK]."
    • pneumonia last winter
    • a kidney infection in 2017
  5. "My [BLANK] has [BLANK]."
    • father has heart disease
    • mother has type 2 diabetes
  6. "I don't have any other major conditions."

Práctica rápida

Di cada una de estas en inglés natural.

  1. Menciona un diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2 en 2019.
  2. Describe una cirugía ambulatoria de rodilla en 2021.
  3. Di que te hospitalizaron por neumonía durante cinco días el año pasado.
  4. Indica que tu padre tiene una enfermedad cardíaca y tu madre tiene hipertensión.
  5. Afirma que no tienes otras enfermedades importantes.

Respuestas de muestra

  1. I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2019.
  2. I had knee surgery in 2021 — it was outpatient.
  3. I was hospitalized for pneumonia for five days last year.
  4. My father has heart disease, and my mother has high blood pressure.
  5. I don't have any other major conditions.

Hoja resumen lista para copiar

Cada vez que vayas a un nuevo médico, te hagan una valoración prequirúrgica o te ingresen, te preguntarán todo esto. Rellena esta hoja una vez y te servirá para todas.

Past medical history summary
- Chronic conditions: __________ (year diagnosed: ___, controlled with: ___)
- Other ongoing conditions: __________
- Surgeries / operations:
   • __________ in __________ (inpatient / outpatient)
   • __________ in __________
- Hospitalizations:
   • __________ in __________ (length of stay: ___ days)
- ER visits in the past 2 years: __________
- Family history:
   • Father: __________
   • Mother: __________
   • Siblings: __________
   • Grandparents (if known): __________
- Vaccinations up to date: yes / no
- Pregnancies / births (if applicable): __________
- Anything else worth mentioning: __________

Lecturas relacionadas

Recordatorio: Este artículo enseña comunicación en inglés para situaciones de atención sanitaria. No es un diagnóstico ni un consejo de tratamiento médico. Sigue el criterio de tus clínicos locales para tu atención real.